The Measles Virus (Genus: Morbillivirus) Single Stranded RNA Negative sense Enveloped Endemic to humans http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00075/full http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/mump-meas.htm

Transmission Spread through respiration Highly contagious Symptoms include: Fever Cough Conjunctivitis Koplik’s spots Rash http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/overview.html

Morbillivirus Phylogeny  Most closely related to rinderpest virus in cattle Suspected divergence in 11th-12th c. in communities living closely with cattle http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2577636_1743-422X-5-124-3&req=4 http://www.virologyj.com/content/7/1/52

“The Father of Modern Vaccines” The Vaccine Before the vaccine, 3-4 million cases in the US each year Introduced 1963 MMR vaccine given at 18 months, then 4-5 years Live, attenuated Works well- 55 reported cases in 2012 John F. Enders “The Father of Modern Vaccines” http://www.measlesrubellainitiative.org/learn/the-solution/the-vaccine/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Franklin_Enders_nobel.jpg

In the US Globally Today only about 60 cases per year Most acquired outside the country Eliminated in North America in 2002 Still endemic in the developing world Leading cause of vaccine-preventable death among children 20 mil cases, 164,000 deaths per year Slight resurgence since 2009 http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/elimination.htm http://www.cdc.gov/measles/outbreaks.html http://www.measlesrubellainitiative.org/

Intervention WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record shows estimated avoided mortalities to date http://www.who.int/wer/2014/wer8906/en/

WHO regional map of elimination goals http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/elimination.htm

Nectin-4 is necessary for infection of epithelia http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v480/n7378/full/nature10639.html