Types of reasoning… Deductive Those aimed at validity…attempt to convince us of the conclusion using linked premises (i.e. the premises directly link.

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Presentation transcript:

Types of reasoning… Deductive Those aimed at validity…attempt to convince us of the conclusion using linked premises (i.e. the premises directly link to the conclusion). Those aimed at validity…attempt to convince us of the conclusion using linked premises (i.e. the premises directly link to the conclusion).Inductive Attempt to generalise from evidence – offer a conclusion about all things of a type by making observations about a limited number of things of that type. Attempt to generalise from evidence – offer a conclusion about all things of a type by making observations about a limited number of things of that type.

Deductive (p1) All oranges are fruits (p2) All fruits grow on trees (c) Therefore, all oranges grow on trees (p1) All bachelors are single (p2)Johnny is single, (c) Hence, Johnny is a bachelor

Inductive (p) All of the Harry Potter books have been good. (c) Therefore, the next Harry Potter book will also be good. (p1) All shops in the UK took £ sterling yesterday. (p2) All the shops in the UK took £ sterling before yesterday and for as long as I can remember as well., (c) Therefore, all shops in the UK will take £ sterling tomorrow. (p)The sun rose yesterday, and everyday before that for as long as the Earth has existed. (c) Therefore, the sun will rise tomorrow.

Unreliable Arguments Fallacies

General Introduction Fallacies are types of arguments that display errors in reasoning of a certain kind. Fallacies are types of arguments that display errors in reasoning of a certain kind. Fallacies are genuine arguments: real attempts to persuade us to accept the conclusion based on the premises. Fallacies are genuine arguments: real attempts to persuade us to accept the conclusion based on the premises. P P.51-52

Tasks 1. Re-read about explain, in detail, inductive and deductive arguments. 2. Re-read and explain ‘affirming the consequent’ and ‘denying the antecedent’ in detail (use the structure examples to help you outline these.

Next time in Philosophy… In pairs/threes: In pairs/threes: Create a short (1-1 ½ minutes) presentation on the type of fallacy you draw from the FALLACY HAT Create a short (1-1 ½ minutes) presentation on the type of fallacy you draw from the FALLACY HAT Your choice of format – PPT, STORY BOARDS…surprise me. Your choice of format – PPT, STORY BOARDS…surprise me.