LISTENING: the most “ prominent ” kind of communication  Types of communication: Speaking, Reading, Writing, Listening  Adler & Rodman -- 53% Mass Media Listening = 21% Face-to-face Listening = 32%  In the workplace = 60% listening  Andrew Wolvin & C.G. Coakley

Listening as a Critical Link in Academic Dialogue Process  Not all ideas are written  Many academic exchanges are spoken in the classroom

Non-listening behaviors  Pseudolistening  Selective listening  Defensive listening  Ambushing  Literal listening  Monopolizing ( “ stage hogging ” )

T ypology of Listening  Discriminative  Comprehensive  Therapeutic  Critical  Appreciative

Critical Listening - logical fallacies  Ad hominem  reductio ad absurdum  either/or  Post hoc ergo propter hoc  argumentum ad verecundiam  bandwagon effect

Critical Listening in FSEM  What is the main argument?  What is the evidence provided? Is it sufficient? Is it unbiased & valid?  How is this idea similar or different from other ideas?  How can I synthesize this information with prior knowledge?  What is the “ big picture ” ?