Dynamics of Change By: Dan F.

Essential Questions What are the causes of discontent in Russia during the 1800s? How did the government respond to the demands for reform? How did industrialization affect Russia?

Russian Expansion Late 1500s: Ivan IV opens the way into Siberia 1680s: Russia controls all of Siberia The region was a source of fur, farmland, and mineral resources Became the place of punishment  Rulers sent political prisoners and criminals into exile in this distant land, using their labor to develop its rich resources

Russian Expansion Expansion turned the country into a multinational empire Russian expansion alarmed other European powers  Created tension between them & eventually triggered war

Revolt and Repression The Decembrist Revolt  A small group of nobles & army officers tried to overthrow the government in December 1825  Hoped to set up a constitutional monarchy Czar Nicholas I quickly crushes the uprising  He executed 5 leaders & exiled the rest to Siberia He responded to the revolt with brutal repression  Imposed stric censorship, targeted schools & universities as center of unrest  Burned books from the west that might contain liberal ideas

Revolt and Repression Nicholas did make reforms in th legal system, but made no real change in his government however He enforced Russian nationalism & loyalty to the autocracy & the Russian Orthodox Church  By promoting these goals, he tried to unite his vast multinational empire Nationalistic policies of the czar encouraged antisemitism  Jews suffered legal discrimination Laws forced them to live in certain areas Limited access to education & jobs

Limited Reform

Effects of Industrialization

Revolutionary Movements In the mid-1860s  Most revolutionaries came from Russia's small but growing educated class They wanted to overthrow the czar and establish socialism in Russia  When efforts to win popular support failed radical groups turned to terrorism They assassinated Czar Alexander II & killed prominent officials  Alexander III resorted to repression to stop the revolutionaries

Revolutionary Movements Marxism  According to Marx, factory workers, not peasants, would lead the socialist revolution  Were very few Marxists in Russia They organize & slowly won support from members of the working class

Bloody Sunday

Revolution of 1905 The events of Bloody Sunday horrified Russians & sparked the revolution of 1905  Riots & strikes swept the cities  Peasants looted & burned homes of landowners, in the countryside To end violence the czar agreed to set up an elected assembly called the Duma & to make other minor reforms  The Dums had little power & the reforms failed to resolve Russia's basic problems Since an autocratic ruler was in power, inequality and repression remained