Announcements Test Corrections: 12/6 – 12/16 Turn in any missing assignments

(Typed Part, Drawings & Observation Log Stapled Together) Question of the Day Question: Draw a flower and label the sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel. Answer: … … … More than 25 types of elements 1’s Turn In: Biosphere Reports (Typed Part, Drawings & Observation Log Stapled Together) p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc

Daisies & Sunflowers Are Composite Flowers

Trees reproduce sexually, too Maple Birch Redwood Trees reproduce sexually, too

Lab 6.1: Zebrina & Lab 6.2:Planaria

Open-Note Quiz: Mitosis & Meiosis You May Wish To Use: Vocab Sheet Mitosis Notes Meiosis Notes Lab 17: Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis

Lab 13.3: Fruits, Nuts, & Seeds & Vocabulary Sheet

Pollen Dispersal Animals Wind Water pollen is usually barbed or sticky Mammals, birds, insects (bees, flies, etc.) Wind pollen is usually light & aerodynamic Water for plants that grow underwater 80% of pollination is from animals

Unit 5 Vocabulary fertilization- the joining of sperm and egg pollen tube- grows towards egg & contains two sperm nuclei Pollen cells are the fastest growing cells that we know of.

Unit 5 Vocabulary 22. seed- plant embryo and food supply enclosed together in a protective seed coat 21. endosperm- energy-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows 23. fruit- energy-rich tissue that contains one or more seeds

Fruit: Matured Ovary Fruit- matured ovary and other floral parts; used to be a flower Pea: 1 flower, 1 ovary Raspberry: 1 flower, many ovaries 1 flower, 1 ovary 1 flower, many ovaries

Nut: Matured Ovary Nut- matured ovary and other floral parts with hard shell; used to be a flower While there are many obvious difference, the scientific community considers a nut to be the same as a fruit, at least the outer shell of the nut is the fruit. The definition of a fruit is simply stated as the distinctive mature ovary of any flower, plant, or tree, that contains seeds. Since the nut that we eat is technically a seed, the outer layer (shell) is considered to be the fruit.

Seed Dispersal Dispersal: movement away from an existing population Animals Birds: reliant on color when finding food – red, hot pink, orange. Mammals: seeds pass through digestive system, may contain laxative Insects: have excellent senses of smell or color vision or both Birds lack sensitive noses

Seed Dispersal Wind Water Usually light (low density) & aerodynamic May have wings Water For plants that grow in or near large bodies of water (eg. coconut) Low density: float Must be somewhat waterproof Birds lack sensitive noses

p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc

p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc 1a. Describe how fruits form. 1a. Fruits form as seeds mature and ovary walls thicken. The mature ovary is the fruit. 1b. Is a pumpkin a fruit? Describe any evidence you use in making your inference. 1b. A pumpkin is a fruit. A pumpkin forms the ovary of a flower and it has seeds inside.

p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc 2a. Describe two methods of seed dispersal. 2a. Methods of seed dispersal include movement of seeds by animals, wind, and water. 2b. A new angiosperm species is discovered. What questions would you ask before predicting how its seeds are dispersed? Explain the rationale for asking each question. 2b. Your response here! Example: Is the fruit fleshly? If yes, then it will probably be eaten by animals. Are the fruits dry, light weight, or buoyant? If yes, they may be dispersed by wind or water. Other dispersal methods: by bursting, by humans

p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc 3a. Summarize the environmental factors that affect seed germination. 3a. Temperature and moisture affect seed germination. 3b. Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before they germinate? 3b. Dormancy enables a seed to survive until environmental conditions become favorable. Dormancy may also allow for long-distance dispersal. 3c. The seeds of a bishop pine germinate only after exposure to the extreme heat of a forest fire. Evaluate the significance of this structural adaptation. 3c. Since most of the trees in the forest will be destroyed by the fire, this adaption decreases competition for resources, thus creating a favorable environment. It also helps ensure that the species will survive fires.