Kunming campaign, first in situ observation of water vapor and ozone in the UTLS during the Asian summer monsoon Jianchun BIAN, and Hongbin CHEN LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Holger Vömel GRUAN Lead Center, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, German Weather Service Laura Pan, Mijeong Park, and William Randel ACD/NCAR Introduction Kunming campaign—UTLS measurement Some water vapor and ozone profiles Summary

Zhou et al (1995) speculated that TP is a key pathway in summer where the lower troposphere air is transported into the stratosphere. They linked the ozone valley to the strong convective activity developed over TP. Such activity brings low-ozone air from the lower troposphere to UT and stratosphere, and also pollutants which are collected from the surrounding region by the inflow in the lower troposphere. These pollutants may deplete ozone in the stratosphere, and lower the ozone concentration there. L Summer Ozone Valley Over TP Zhou & Luo, AMS, 1994

Satellite obs. reveals the distinct region of high/low tracers over Asia in Summer High water vapor [Jackson et al, 1998, Randel et al., 2001]. Low ozone [Park et al.,… High CO, CH4, HCN, … [……..]

Overview Many studies used satellite data and models, which do not provide enough details for characterizing the transport process. We are presenting the first in situ measurements of ozone/water vapor inside the anticyclone; the data providing information on the structure and strength of the circulation, complements the large scale satellite observations Motivation

Introduction to the climatology of Experiment Site 100 mb shifts 3º northward in relative to mb Tpp becomes wider in lat -78ºC shifts a bit to south of Low-OLR m is separated from Low-OLR Kunming (25.01ºN, ºE, km)

Westerly Easterly

Participants Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS Kunming Climate Observatory, CMA Holger Vömel

Instruments RS80: T, RH, P CFH: H 2 O ECC O 3 sonde: O 3 GPS: wind L-Band: T, RH, P, wind for intercomparison

Summary of sounding information (Aug 7-13, 2009) A total of eleven soundings were launched. No. Launch Time (Beijing local time) GTS1 RS80 Burst Altitude (km) GTS1 RS :02:05 A * :11: :11:00 H * :02: :02:24 A :15: :04:02 A * :12: :12:32 H :15: :04:09 A * :06: :06:10 A :15: :02:41 H * :02: :02:21 A * :59: :59:41 H :15: :31:30 A * ) Sondes launched on the same balloon; A and H demote the Vaisala humicap sensor type of RS80, A-humicap and H-humicap, respectively.

Large-Scale Conditions First Stage Second Stage SAH moves westward

Cloud Images

Mean Profiles of Water Vapor and Ozone Compact above 85mb Large variation below Low-O3 in UTLS Compact above 85mb Large variation below Second hygropause

Tracer-Tracer Plot & Bi-Peak Distribution Typical L-shape in tropics Compact above O3 180 ppbv Large variation below Two distribution centers

RHi Profiles 75mb RHi>50% Dry layer 300mb SuperSaturation Large variation from mid-T to LS Many cases of super-saturation 3-shape distribution & dry-layer in mid-T

Super-Saturation Level & PDF Super-saturation between km 3 cases of super-saturation at CPT Maximum at 370  5K 20%

Case1 Deep Conv. in Large-Scale Transp. Low O3 & H2O at 100 mb Strong shear below and above Positive correlation between O3 and RHi O3: 35 ppb; H2O: 2.0 ppm; CPT: ºC

Mechanism: Deep Conv. in Typhoon and Freezing Dry Deep conv. Typhoon to UT Freezing dry by cold T Fast large-scale transp.

Case 2 Extra-Tropical Stratospheric Intrusion Thick dry and high-O3 layer in mid-troposphere

Mechanism: Stratospheric Intrusion

Case 3 Super-Saturation with Multiple or Thick Layers Multiple  One thick layer in 6hrs Relation between RHi & O3 at different levels

Low-Ozone Intrusion into UT Highest minimum levels in UT 5/11 cases > 15 km, 2 cases > 16 km Two cases have low-ozone in thick layers

Transport by Local Convection Local conv. Weak wind below 170mb

Summary For the first time, H 2 O and O 3 in UTLS were measured during Asian summer monsoon Some specific features in the UTLS region are revealed, but their sources need to be studied by using back-trajectory model combined with convective parameterization and convective cloud data. Further sounding experiment over Tibet is under plan. What can we learn from this experiment? Thank you very much for your attention!