The American Labor Force

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Presentation transcript:

The American Labor Force Economics Chapter 12 The American Labor Force

Section 1: Americans at work The Civilian labor Force Those 16 or older, working or looking for work Blue-collar workers- craft and manufacturing White-collar workers- Largest sector, office, sales, professional. Service-workers- cooks, barbers, health care aides

Jobs Categorized by Skill Level Unskilled workers- No special training needed, server and custodial work Semiskilled workers- Some training, nurses aide Skilled worker- Learned a trade or craft, police and electricians. Professionals- College degrees, Me Some jobs crossover the lines.

Supply and Demand in the Labor Market Three factors Skill- highly skilled = higher salary Type of job- dangerous jobs = higher pay Location- Low population = higher pay Restrictions on wages- Perfect competition would mean changing wage rates Minimum Wage Organized Labor

Section 2: Organized Labor Development of Labor Unions Late 1800s to improve conditions and pay Initial legislation against them. Business refused to hire union workers. Strikes- deliberate work stoppages, violence more often then not. Mid-1930s things change.

The American Labor Movement Craft union- skilled workers in a specific trade. American Federation of Labor (AFL) Industrial union- In an industry regardless of job or skill. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) first significant one. AFL-CIO formed in 1955.

Labor-Management Legislation Norris-LaGuardia Act, 1932- yellow dog contracts illegal, courts limited Wagner Act, 1935- Collective bargaining, National Labor Relations Board Taft-Hartley Act, 1947- Union shops could be ruled illegal. Landrum-Griffin Act, 1959- Union members rights.

How Unions are Organized Local Union Closed shop Union shop Agency shop Right to work laws forbid union shops National Unions- USW Federation Level- AFL-CIO

Collective Bargaining Between Unions and management Pay, hours, benefits etc. Cost-of-living adjustment Mediation- neutral party comes in. Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service- Free mediator on request Arbitration- have to abide by decision

Strikes and Management Strikes have declined immensely since the 70s. Other union tactics Picketing Boycott Management tactic Lockout Scabs- people brought in to break a strike

Decline of Unions Collective bargaining brought fairness to the workplace. Conditions good, no room for improvement. Unions out of touch with members

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