Unit 8 Chapter 28 Arthropods
What is an Arthropod? Bilaterally symmetrical, segmented coelomates Segmented body, exoskeleton & jointed appendages Appendages = body outgrowths
What is an Arthropod? Arthropods must molt (shed exoskeleton periodically) Arthropods have variety of respiration types: gills, tracheal tubes & book lungs Arthropods have complex digestive and excretory systems: Mandibles (jaws) are used to classify arthropods
What is an Arthropod? Arthropods have well-developed senses: Pheromones = chemical odor signals given off by animals (detected by others) Compound eyes = visual structure with many lenses Simple eye = visual structure with only one lens for detecting light
What is an Arthropod? Arthropods reproduce sexually: Some are hermaphroditic, most have internal fertilization A few have parthenogenesis = new individuals develop from unfertilized eggs Ex: social insects, such as bees, ants & wasps
Diversity of Arthropods Arachnids Includes spiders, scorpions, ticks & mites (chiggers) Two body segments & six pairs of jointed appendages, including 8 legs, 2 chelicerae (fangs) and 2 pedipalps (sensors)
Diversity of Arthropods Crustceans Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, pill bugs & barnacles Two body segments & 2 pair of antennae, 5 pair of legs, and numerous “jaw feet”
Diversity of Arthropods Millipedes & Centipedes Many body segments and paired legs Millipedes are herbivorous, while centipedes are carnivores Horseshoe Crabs These “living fossils” have remained unchanged for 200 million years
Diversity of Arthropods Insects… Most successful class in terms of diversity Includes beetles, butterflies, ants & bees, flies & mosquitoes, and many others Three body segments, 3 pair of legs, one pair of antennae, and wings
Metamorphosis Series of changes in body shape and form during life history Incomplete M: 3 stages including nymph (smaller, immature version of adult)
Complete M: 4 stages including larva (wormlike creature which eats and grows) and pupa (enclosed structure that changes into adult form)