AGENDA MAY 5  Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals.  1. PLANTS Tests  2. DO NOW  3. Introduce the Animal Chapters – Chapter 26  4. Review and Homework  QUIZ ON THURSDAY MAY 7

INVERTEBRATES AND VERTEBRATES CHAPTERS 26 – 32 ANIMALS

DO NOW  Work with a partner.  Select an animal.  List as many biological facts about the animal as you can.  Why is it classified as an animal.

CHAPTER 26: WHAT IS AN ANIMAL?  Members of Kingdom Animalia  Multicellular  Eukaryotic Heterotrophs  Cells DO NOT have cell walls  Invertebrates DO NOT have a backbone or vertebral column  Vertebrates HAVE a backbone.

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS  1. Feeding  2. Respiration  3. Circulation  4. Excretion  5. Response  6. Movement  7. Reproduction  Processes involve Feedback Inhibition – processes are limited or stopped

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEX ANIMALS  1. Cell Specialization and Levels of Organization  2. Body Symmetry  3. Cephalization – Nerves or sense organs at front of body  4. Body Cavity – fluid filled space for internal organs  *** Embryos develop in layers ***

BODY SYMMETRY  Radial Symmetry – animals can be divided into many equal halves using multiple planes  Bilateral Symmetry – animals only divided into two equal halves using one single plane

SPONGES  CNIDARIANS  Two stage life cycle. 1 st stage = POLYP Few specialized cells 2 nd stage = MEDUSA  No Organs or Tissues Have body symmetry and specialized tissues

AGENDA MAY 6  Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals.  1. DO NOW – Homework Check  2. More on the Animal Chapters – Chapter 27 and 28  4. Review and Homework  QUIZ ON THURSDAY MAY 7  Chapters 26, 27, and 28

CHAPTER 27 WORMS AND MOLLUSKS  Coelem – fluid-filled body cavity  Ganglia – groups of nerve cells that control nervous system Not complex enough to be called a brain  Septa – internal walls that divide the different body segments of annelids  Pharynx – muscular tube near the mouth  Directs food for digestion

WORMS  MOLLUSKS  Have bilateral symmetry and Soft bodied animals Cephalization.Internal or external shell Contain Tissues and Internal Organs Cephalopods Segmented or Unsegmented Bodies A head attached to a foot divided into tentacles or arms

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS  OPEN Circulatory System – blood is not contained within a network of blood vessels  Blood is pump through a series of sinuses (saclike openings) by a simple heart  CLOSED Circulatory System – blood is contained within a network of blood vessels

CHAPTER 28 ARTHROPODS AND ECHINODERMS  Tracheal tubes – network of tubes used for breathing in most land based arthropods  Malpighian tubules – saclike organs that extract waste from the blood Waste is added to digestive waste to be removed Molting – shedding of an exoskeleton as an arthropod grows A larger exoskeleton is manufactured to replace the old one

ARTHROPODS  ECHINODERMS  Segmented BodiesInternal skeleton  Jointed appendagesWater vascular system  Exoskeletonsof chitinRadial symmetry  Groups  Crustaceans  Spiders  Insects

EXIT PASS MAY 6  Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper…  1. What are the functions of tracheal tubes and malpighian tubes?  2. Compare the structure of an arthropod with an echinoderm.

AGENDA MAY 7  Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals.  1. QUIZ  2. Chapter 30 – The Chordates  4. Review and Homework  Continue working on your Review Packet.  Will be collected for a grade! NO LATE WORK!

METAMORPHOSIS  Incomplete Metamorphosis – immature forms of an insect look very similar to adult forms  Complete Metamorphosis – Larvae and early stages of development look, feed, and behave nothing like adult stages of the organism.  What is another example of complete metamorphosis?

CHAPTER 30 CHORDATES  Vertebrae – individual segments of a backbone found in vertebrates  Cartilage – strong tissue that supports the body  more flexible than bone  Cerebrum – two lobes responsible for all voluntary activities of the body  Cerebellum – coordinates body movements  Medulla oblongata – controls functioning of many internal organs

FISHES  Aquatic vertebrates  Paired fins  Scales  Gills  Groups of fish  1. Jawless fish  2. Cartilaginous fish  3. Bony fish

APPEARANCE OF LAND ANIMALS   How did these animals adapt? Why does the existence of this animal support the theory of Evolution?

AGENDA MAY 8  Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals.  1. QUIZ Results  2. Chapters – The Chordates Continued  3. Review and Homework  Continue working on your Review Packet.  Will be collected for a grade! NO LATE WORK!  QUIZ on TUESDAY – 30 Minutes!

EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONS IN AMPHIBIANS  1. Bones in limbs became stronger  More efficient movement  2. Lungs and breathing tubes allowed breathing of air  3. Sternum (breastbone) formed a bony shield to support and protect internal organs especially lungs

CHAPTER 31: REPTILES  Reptiles developed terrestrial eggs with several membranes.  Do not require water to reproduce like amphibians  Allowed reptiles to adapt to live on land.  1. Well-developed lungs  2. double-loop circulatory system  3. water-conserving excretory system  4. strong limbs  5. internal fertilization  6. shelled, terrestrial eggs

DEVELOPMENT OF FEATHERS   Jurassic Period – Dinosaurs ruled Earth  Archaeopteryx appeared – first birds  Fossils show skulls/teeth of dinos but body and feathers of birds

BIRDS ARE REPTILELIKE ANIMALS  Reptiles are ectotherms  Birds maintain a constant internal body temperature  Outer covering of feather  Two legs covered with scales for walking/perching  Front limbs modified into wings

FORM, FUNCTION, AND FLIGHT  Birds adapted to fly with  1. highly efficient digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems.  2. aerodynamic feathers and wings  3. strong, lightweight bones  4. strong chest muscles

CHAPTER 32: MAMMALS  Mammals are identified by  1. Have hair  2. ability to nourish young with milk  3. breathe air  4. have four-chambered hearts  5. endotherms that generate internal body heat

FUNCTIONS  Diaphragm – powerful muscle that increases volume of chest cavity pulling air into lungs  Pushes air out of lungs when diaphragm is relaxed  Cerebral Cortex – well-developed outer layer of the cerebrum  Center of thinking and complex behaviors including reading  Primates share specific adaptations  Binocular vision, well-developed cerebrum, long fingers and toes, and arms that rotate around their shoulder joints  Binocular vision allows for merging of images from both eyes   depth perception and 3D sight