State Policies to Facilitate the Preparedness of Students for Careers and Postsecondary Success West Regional Summit Monica R. Martinez & Judy Bray Archived Information

The Problem: Graduation Rates Postsecondary Readiness

USA High School Graduation Percent of students graduating % to 69%, 17 States 69% to 76%, 17 States 76% to 90%, 17 States FL GA SC TN NVDC NC MS NY AL NM TX CO AZ CT DE LA KY RI NH MA MI IL IN MD ME MO VA AR KS OK WY OH PA VT MN ID MT WI NE NJ WV IA SD UT ND

USA High School Graduates With College-Ready Transcripts in 2001 NV NM AZ CO IL MI MO IN KS WY ID OH FL GA MN MT NY SC WI IA NE SD UT TN ND CT DC NC NH RI MA MS AL ME TX DE LA PA KY VT MD NJ VA AR OK WV

STATE SYSTEM SUPPORT Compulsory Attendance Teacher Education Requirements Per-pupil Expenditures State Share of Education Funding

Age at which students may leave school 16 years old, 27 States 17 years old, 9 States 18 years old, 15 States USA Compulsory Attendance Ages AL AZ CO DE FL GA IA ID IL KY MA MD MI MO MT NC ND NE NH NJ NY RI SD VT WV WY AR LA ME MS NV PA SC TN TX CT DC IN KS MN NM OH OK UT VA WI

USA High School Teacher Education AL AR AZ DCDE GA KS KY MA MN MS NC SC TX WV WY NM SD ID LA MI MT UT CO CT FL IA IL IN MD ME MO ND NE NH NJ NV NY OH OK PA RI TN VA VT WI

Total Per-Pupil Expenditures UT AZ MS ID TN NV AL AR LA OK FL SD KY NM ND NC TX CO KS SC MO MT GA IA NE NH VA IN MN WV OH IL WY MI MD WI ME PA DE VT RI MA CT DC NJ NY

USA State Share of Education Funding, 2001 DC NE MD IL PA CT SD NJ MA CO RI ND TX VA OH ME TN NY MO AZ GA IA IN MT FL NH WY LA WI SC MS OK UT NV MN KS AL ID KY WV NC MI DE VT ARNM

Policy Categories State AState B Compulsory Attendance Age 16Age 17 Teacher Education Major or minor Per-pupil Expenditures $5,616$5,934 State Share of Funding 66.7%55.1% System Support

RIGOROUS CURRICULUM Course Credit Requirements Differentiated Diplomas Enriched Curriculum (AP Example) Dual Enrollment

USA States Course Credit Requirements CO IA MA MI NE PA IL NY VT WY ME RI OH GA NH AZ CT MS MT NC SD TN AR ID KS MD ND MN WI DE KY MO NJ TX VA NV NM OK AL DC FL IN LA SC UT WV

Differentiated based on test scores, 12 States Provisions for differentiated diplomas One diploma for all, 25 States Based on multiple criteria, 12 States Based on GPA (AR) or coursework (FL) USA Differentiated High School Diplomas AL CO DC IA ID KS LA MD ME MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV OK SD WI AZ CT DE IL MA MI NY PA UT VT WV GA IN KY MN OH RI SC TN TX VA WY AR FL

USA Advanced Placement Role in State Systems AL AZ CT DCDE GA IA ID IL KS KY MD ME MI MS MT NC ND NE NH NM NV NY PA RI SD TN VT WY OH AR FL MA MN TX LA NJ VA WI IN SC WV CO MO OK UT

USA Advanced Placement Course Support AR AZ CO CT DCDE FL ID IL KS KY LA MD ME MI MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH PA RI SC SD TN UT VA VT WY IA WV GA MA WI AL IN MN OK TX

USA State Advanced Placement Success KY MN MT WI NC IA IN AL AR NE MS SC NJ IL OK KS MO OH AZ ND SD MI VA MA NV LA UT PA WV FL RI WY ID TN CO GA DCDE NY TX MD NH CT NM VT ME

USA Dual Enrollment Programs Limited/comprehensive dual enrollment provisions Limited program, 26 States Comprehensive program, 21 States No data, 4 States AR AZ CT IL IN KS KY LA MD MO MT ND NE NH NV NY OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VT WY CO DE FL GA IA ID MA ME MI MN MS NC NJ NM OH UT WI WV AL DC VA

Course Credits21 Credits24 credits Differentiated Diplomas No AP Role in State System No policy Accountability plan AP Course SupportNo policy AP Success13.6%10.9% Dual EnrollmentComprehensiveLimited Policy CategoriesState AState B Compulsory Attendance Age 16Age 17 Teacher EducationMajor or minor Per-pupil Expenditures$5,616$5,934 State Share of Funding 66.7%55.1% State Context

ACCOUNTABILITY Exit Tests Remediation Student Sanctions Performance rewards and performance sanctions

USA High School Graduation Exams AR CO CT DCDE IA ID IL KS KY ME MI MO MT ND NE NH OK PA RI SD VT WI WV WY AZ FL GA IN LA MA MD MN MS NC NJ NM NV NY OH SC TN TX VA AL UT

USA Remediation for Students Failing Key State Tests AR AZ CO CT DC IA ID IL KS KY ME MI MN MS MT ND NE NH OK PA RI SD UT VT WI WV WY GA NJ NM TN MA AL DE FL IN LA MD MO NC NV NY OH SC TX VA

USA State Student Sanctions State no-pass, no-play and/or no-drive policies No student sanctions, 27 States No-pass, no No-pass, no- Both extracurricular and driving sanctions, 12 States State no-pass, no-play and/or no-drive policies No student sanctions, 27 States No-pass, no-drive policy, 7 States No-pass, no-play policy, 5 States Both extracurricular and driving sanctions, 12 States CT DCDE IA KS MA MD ME MI MN MO MT ND NE NH NJ NV NY PA RI SD UT VT WY ID IN KY OH OK SC WI AZ CO LA NM AL AR FL GA IL MS NC TN TX VA WV

USA State Performance Rewards AZ IA ID MA ME MI MN MO MT ND NH NY OH RI SD TN UT VA VT WI WV WY AL AR CO DC FL IL IN KS LA MD NC NM NV PA SC CT MS NE NJ DE GA KY OK TX

USA State Performance Sanctions CT DCDE IA KS MA MD ME MI MN MO MT ND NE NH NJ NV NY PA RI SD UT VT WY ID IN KY OH OK SC WI AZ CO LA NM AL AR FL GA IL MS NC TN TX VA WV

Accountability PoliciesState AState B Exit TestsNoYes RemediationNoRequired and funded Student Sanctions No-pass, No-drive No-pass, No-play Performance Rewards NoSchool Performance Sanctions NoSchool

DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OF SCHOOLS Charter Schools Alternative Schools

Charter Schools AL KY ME MT ND NE SD VT WV AZ DCDE FL GA IA ID IN KS LA MA MI MN MS NH NJ NM NV OK PA SC TX UT WY AR CO CT IL MD MO NC NY OH RI TN VA WI State charter school policies No charter policy, 9 States Policy with at-risk preference, 28 States Policy with no at-risk preference, 14 States

Alternative Education for Disruptive Students AL CT DCDE IA ID MA ME MT NM NY RI VT AZ CO FL GA IL IN KS MD MI MN MS NC ND NV OH OK PA SC SD TN TX UT VA WI WV WY AR KY LA MO NE NH NJ

Policy Categories State AState B Charter Schools Yes, at-risk preference Alternative Schools Not addressed Mandatory State Context Matters: A System of Diverse Schools

Review of State Policies Exit TestsNoYes RemediationNoRequired and funded Student Sanctions No-pass, No-drive No-pass, No-play Performance Rewards NoSchool Performance Sanctions NoSchool Course Credits21 Credits24 credits Differentiated Diplomas No AP Role in State System No policy Accountability plan AP Course SupportNo policy AP Success13.6%10.9% Dual EnrollmentComprehensiveLimited Policy CategoriesState AState B Compulsory Attendance Age 16Age 17 Teacher EducationMajor or minor Per-pupil Expenditures $5,616$5,934 State Share of Funding 66.7%55.1% Charter SchoolsYes, at-risk preference Alternative SchoolsNot addressedMandatory

Organizational Resources for this Presentation Center for Education Policy Council for Chief State School Officers Education Commission of the States Education Trust Education Week Manhattan Institute National Center for Higher Education Management Systems National High School Alliance U.S. Census Bureau U.S. Department of Education

Monica R. Martinez (202) , ext. 168 Judy Bray (303) The Institute for Educational Leadership 1001 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 310 Washington, DC Contact Information