FRUITS Fruits can be divided into three categories: 1. Simple fruit

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Presentation transcript:

FRUITS Fruits can be divided into three categories: 1. Simple fruit - a fruit formed from a single ovary of a single flower (monocarpous or syncarpous ovary) 2. Aggregate fruit - a fruit formed from several ovaries of a single flower (apocarpous) e.g. Anona 3. Multiple fruit - a fruit formed from the ovaries of flowers borne in a compact inflorescence. The fruits unite at maturity e.g. jackfruit, pineapple

Simple fruits Dry indehiscent fruits Dry dehiscent fruits Succulent/Fleshy fruits A fruit : - pericarp + the seed (inside) - is a ripened ovary/ovaries generally containing one to many seeds inside Pericarp : exocarp/epicarp + mesocarp + endocarp ** Following pollination and fertilization in a flower, the ovule develops into a seed while the ovary wall forms the fruit pericarp

1. Simple Fruits A. Dry indehiscent fruits Cypsela Samara Achene Nut pericarp seed Nut Achene Cypsela Samara A. Dry indehiscent fruits

coleoptile plumule coleorrhiza radicle endosperm Caryopsis

Schizocarp

Loment/Lomentum B. Dry dehiscent fruits Follicle Siliqua Legume/Pod

(i) Capsule (Septicidal) (ii) Capsule (Loculicidal) (iv-a) Capsule (Circumscissle) (iii) Capsule (Poricidal) (iv-b) Capsule (Operculate) (Pyxis) (Poricidal)

Rubber – Capsule septicidal

Durian – Capsule loculicidal

C. Succulent/Fleshy fruits epicarp mesocarp endocarp Berry Drupe C. Succulent/Fleshy fruits

Pome Hesperidium Pepo endocarp epicarp outer limit of carpel mesocarp remains of stamen, style and calyx Pome Hesperidium Pepo seed tough (originated from the receptacle)

2. Aggregate Fruit Strawberry calyx pedicel pits/seeds fleshy receptacle Strawberry (achene)

pedicel fruitlet seed Anona

3. Multiple Fruits Pineapple (sorosis) remains of a flower bract fruit axis remains of a flower Pineapple (sorosis) peduncle

thickened stigma remains true fruit pericarp seed perianth thickened stigma remains fruit axis thickened stigma remains Jackfruit