IEES Dr. Johannes Heeb Bahnhofstraße 2, CH-6110 Wolhusen, Schweiz Phone: +41-(0) Fax: +41-(0) Network for the Development of Sustainable Approaches for Large Scale Implementation of Sanitation in Africa NETSSAF Coordination Action Proposal/Contract Number: A Coordination Action supported by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme within the " GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS " Programme Starting Date: 1st June 2006 Face-to-Face Training Course “Capacity Building for Ecological Sanitation” Management of Ecosan Projects

Credits This training material has been compiled by seecon international gmbh and Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF), for face-to-face capacity building courses in the field of ecological sanitation. Following the open-source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made. We apologize in advance if references are missing or are incorrect, and welcome feedback if errors are detected. We encourage all feedback on the composition and content of this training material. Please direct it either to or seecon international gmbh Dr. Johannes Heeb Bahnhofstrasse 2, 6110 Wolhusen, Switzerland Phone:+41-(0) Web: Ecosan Services Foundation (ESF) Mr. Dayanand Panse "Vishwa Chandra", 1002/42 Rajendra Nagar, Pune – , Maharashtra, India Phone:+91-(0) Web:

Ecosan Project Steps Step 1Project Start & Launch of Consultancy Step 2Assessment of Current Sanitation Situation & User Needs Step 3Identification of Feasible Sanitation Concepts and Service Systems Step 5Consolidation of Planning Step 7Follow-up (Fine Tuning) Step 8Monitoring, Evaluation, Feedback (MEF) Step 0Social Marketing (Awareness Raising & Demand Creation) Step 6Implementation & User Training Step 4Participatory Decision Making

Step 0:Awareness Raising & Demand Creation (Social Marketing) source: (1)

Step 0:Awareness Raising & Demand Creation (Social Marketing) How to do (for example): community discussions; street theaters, sanitation and hygiene programs, etc.; What to do: Disseminate information, create awareness demand creation; identification of drivers; Outcome: increased awareness on the problem; improved knowledge on benefits of ecosan systems; increased demand;

Step 1:Project Start and Launch of Consultancy

Outcome: Memorandum of Understanding (MoU); consensus regarding planning and implementation principles; consensus on stakeholder involvement, partnerships and responsibilities; What to do: officially start project; identify all stakeholders; Define problem & project goals; assign initial roles and responsibilities; How to do (for example): start-up workshop; mapping of stakeholders; series of discussions with key stakeholders;

Step 1:Project Start and Launch of Consultancy females males caretakers farmers authorities Professionals NGOs donors/investors children service providers Consultants Stakeholder mapping: “ecosan project” users the elderly handicapped research institutions contractors SHGs CBOs local regional consumers

Step 2:Assessment of Current Sanitation Situation & User Needs

How to do (for example): site visits; participatory assessment tools (e.g. semi-structured interviews, key- informant interviews, transect walks, observations, household surveys, mapping, etc.); What to do: collect background information do participatory assessment with stakeholders Outcome: detailed information on sanitation situation, settlement status, etc.; knowledge about stakeholder specific priorities and expectations from the project;

Step 2:Assessment of Current Sanitation Situation & User Needs Socio-Cultural: Demand for improved sanitation? Socio-economic patterns? Cultural habits? Willingness to pay vs. capacity to pay? Legal framework? Successful sanitation schemes in neighbouring communities? etc. Technical: What infrastructure is there? Natural conditions (groundwater level, soil conditions, precipitation)? Which waste flows exists? Location of nearby streams and lakes? Amount and quality of the wastewater fractions?

Step 2:Assessment of Current Sanitation Situation & User Needs User Needs and Priorities of stakeholders: Health  eg. NGOs, Govts Safety  mostly women Privacy  mostly women Comfort  users Easy to clean  cleaners Respect, Pride  mostly men Cost effectiveness  owner etc. Source: J. Heeb

Step 3:Identification of Feasible Sanitation Concepts & Service Systems How to do: work out options by consulting all accessible options What to do: work out possible sanitation system options; Outcome: suitable sanitation and service combinations are developed and evaluated;

Step 3:Identification of Feasible Sanitation Concepts & Service Systems Example: Tribal School with dysfunctional toilets Source: ESF

Step 3:Identification of Feasible Sanitation Concepts & Service Systems Example: Tribal School with dysfunctional toilets Possible technical solutions: UDD Toilets ? Biogas Sanitation ? ? Conventional Waterborne System Source: ESF Source: GTZ

Step 4: Participatory Decision Making source: (1)

Step 4: Participatory Decision Making How to do (for example): Participatory decision making workshops What to do: Reach decision about most suitable sanitation system(s) through a participatory decision making process; Outcome: participatory decision making process integrating all stakeholder groups; final decision by stakeholders on the sanitation system and service concept;

Step 4: Participatory Decision Making Decisions about sanitation should be made by the people who will be most affected by those decisions.  Community participation make the difference between success and failure when a government or outside agency plans a sanitation program. Sanitation decisions are community decisions!! 1.Explain people the possible options 2.Make them understand the advantages/disadvantages of all options 3.Let them decide  Informed Choice! Source: M. Kropac

Step 5:Consolidation of Planning Source: ESF

Step 5:Consolidation of Planning How to do (for example): identification of technical needs (e.g. building materials, trained masons, land, etc.). Financial planning identification of a local project coordinator; availability of labour What to do: develop action plan and do the detailed planning; Clarify financing methods, roles and responsibilities of stakeholders (in construction, O&M, etc.); Outcome: action plan for implementation; decision on management system; financing model;

Step 5:Consolidation of Planning Action Plan: Source: ESF

Step 5:Consolidation of Planning Blueprints:

Step 5:Consolidation of Planning Cost Calculations: Source: ESF

Step 6:Implementation & User Training (photo: M. Wafler)

Step 6:Implementation & User Training How to do (for example): on-the-job training of craftsmen (e.g. mason, etc.); training of users (usage, O&M); training of farmers (apply of ecosan products); What to do: implement sanitation system; train all stakeholders in the usage and O&M of sanitation/reuse facilities; Outcome: sanitation and reuse facilities are built; Users, caretakers & farmers are trained

Step 6:Implementation & User Training

Step 7:Follow-up (Fine Tuning) Fine-Tuning… Source: seecon

Step 7:Follow-up (Fine Tuning) How to do (for example): regular project visits What to do: Make sure operation of sanitation and reuse schemes are running smoothly Outcome: constant improvement of design

Step 8:Participatory Monitoring, Evaluation & Feedback (MEF) How to do (for example): participatory monitoring and evaluation methods; What to do: review and reflect process; increase consensus on appropriateness of goals, objectives & activities; expected outcome: consensus building & creation of project ownership; course correction of project objectives; provision information for coordinating, managing planning and decision making;

Step 8:Participatory Monitoring, Evaluation & Feedback (MEF)

References (1)Jeff Conant (2004): Sanitation and Cleanliness for a Healthy Environment. Hesperian Foundation in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme UNDP and SIDA (2)Malmqvist P.-A. (no year): The Swedish Urban Water Programme. Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg. (3)World Bank 2005: Informed Choice. Available at: (Accessed ) (4) GTZ & UNESCO/IHP: Concepts for ecologically sustainable sanitation in formal and continuing education. Draft Version January Unesco/IHP and German Agency for Technical Cooperation GTZ.

IEES Dr. Johannes Heeb Bahnhofstraße 2, CH-6110 Wolhusen, Schweiz Phone: +41-(0) Fax: +41-(0) Network for the Development of Sustainable Approaches for Large Scale Implementation of Sanitation in Africa NETSSAF Coordination Action Proposal/Contract Number: A Coordination Action supported by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme within the " GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS " Programme Starting Date: 1st June 2006 Face-to-Face Training Course “Capacity Building for Ecological Sanitation” Management of Ecosan Projects