BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Water Cycle Song (1:21 min): Another Water Cycle Song (2:41 min):

See a video clip about CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3 Videoclip (4:06 min)

Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed... only transformed Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. ENERGY & MATTER

4 elements make up 95% of the body in most organisms CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________ BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

WATER CYCLE = ___________________ HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H 2 O supplies protons (H + ) & electrons for_______________ building blocks of cells photosynthesis

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Water is a good _________________ Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with ________________________ SOLVENT TEMPERATURE REGULATION

Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake, or ocean and goes into the air. Evaporation Part one of the water cycle

People sweat and plants transpire. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water out of their leaves. Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air. » Do plants sweat?

Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. Evaporation Condensation Part 2 of the Water Cycle

Rain or Snow??? Rain occurs when tiny cloud droplets collide to form bigger droplets. This keeps happening until the droplet is too heavy for the air to support it. The droplet then begins to fall, colliding with more cloud droplets as it gains in size. If the liquid water does not encounter a deep layer of sub-freezing air, it will remain liquid and fall to the ground as rain. Snow occurs when the layer of the atmosphere from the surface of the earth through the cloud is entirely below freezing. The precipitation falls from the cloud as snow and does not melt at all while falling to the ground.

Precipitation Evaporation Condensation Part 1 of the Water Cycle Part 3 of the Water Cycle Part 2 of the Water Cycle

The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________ The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ TRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION

PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start Image edited from: WATER CYCLE

Recall: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes

4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; In ____________ as CO 2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO 2 gas 3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil 4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks atmosphere ocean land Underground

Where does CO 2 in atmosphere come from? CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; ________________ 2.______________ 3._________________ 4.____________ of dead organisms Volcanic activity Human activity (burning fossil fuels) Cellular respiration Decomposition

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell BUILDING BLOCKS

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO 2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CARBON CYCLE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Carbon videoclip (2:34min): NASA Carbon (5:39min): respiration decomposition deposition photosynthesis

WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? Image by Riedell __________________make DNA and RNA Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______ Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins) Image by Riedell NITROGEN BASES ATP amino acids

79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N 2 ) Image by Riedell BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N 2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ ____________________ CAN’T lightning Volcanic activity few special bacteria

Bacteria that live ______________ and in symbiotic relationships with plants called legumes take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ in the soil AMMONIA (NH 3 ) NITROGEN FIXATION

Image from: and modified by Riedell Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________ & _________________ which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from the ___________ ___________ we breathe! NITRATES (NO 3 - ) FOOD WE EAT NOT THE AIR NITRITES (NO 2 - )

Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process ___________ → _____________. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ in the soil NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS DENITRIFICATION

N 2 in Atmosphere Ammonia Nitrates & nitrites Section 3-3 NITROGEN CYCLE BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Uptake by producers Atmospheric N fixation Decomposition, excretion Denitrification Bacterial N fixation