Subphylum Craniata (Vertebrata) Phylum Chordata Subphylum Craniata (Vertebrata)

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata) Increase in brain size & sensory apparati Derivation of neural crest Enclosure of anterior neural tube in cartilage/bone (neural crest derivative) Subsequent derivation of cartilaginous vertebrae, bony jaws & cranium Ossification of skeleton & derivation of appendicular skeleton Two superclasses Agnatha – without jaws Gnathostomata – mouth with jaws

Cranium Formation

Vertebrae Fig. 23.p477

Pharyngeal Slits: From Feeding to Respiration Fig. 23.p478a

Elaboration of Sensory Systems Fig. 23.p478b

Vertebrate Cladistics Subphylum (group) superclass superclass Fig. 24.2 Vertebrate Cladistics

Phish Phylogeny Fig. 24.1

Class Myxini - Hagfish Fig. 24.3a

Hagfish Feeding Fig. 24.3d

Class Cephalaspidomorphi Lamprey Fig. 24.5

Ammocoete Larvae of Lamprey Filter feeders using pharyngeal slits Fig. 23.14

Lamprey

Lamprey Feeding Fig. 24.6

Lamprey Wound

The terrifying development from the terrifying pharyngeal pouches

Development of Jaws Fig. 23.17

Fig. 24.2

Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fish Fig. 24.7

Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii sharks & skates & rays Skates Fleshy tail, 2 dorsal fins, sometimes caudal fin Lay egg case (mermaid’s purse) Rays Narrow tail without fins, with spines

Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii Caudal fin Fig. 24.8

Unique Sensory Structures Fig. 24.10

Chondrichthyes Anatomy Rostrum Fig. 24.11

Subclass Holocephali – Chimeras Fig. 24.14

Chondrichthyes Reproduction Internal fertilization Males have claspers between pelvic fins Reproductive modes Oviparous Fertilized egg is laid Ovoviviparous Egg develops within female and living young are born No placenta or placental structures Viviparous Embryos develop within female and living young are born Some placenta-like structures of maternal origin

Group Osteichthyes – bony fish Class Actinopterygii – ray-finned fish subclass Neopterygia subclass Chondrostei Class Sarcopterygii – fleshy-finned fish seahorse grouper flying fish coelacanth lungfish

Fish Scales Fig. 24.17

Types of Fish Scales Fig. 24.18

Fish Scales Allow Age Determination Fig. 24.37

Teleost Anatomy Fig. 24.15

General Body Form Fig. 24.Fig. 24

Fish Tales? Fig. 24.16

Primitive Bony Fish – Subclass Chondrostei Nonteleost bony fish Heterocercal tail Ganoid scales Lungs Fig. 24.19 Gar

Subclass Neopterygia – Teleost Swim bladder Two dorsal fins Homocercal tail Bass Tuna Salmon Walleye

Class Sarcopterygii – Lungfish & Coelocanth Fig. 24.22

Buoyancy Fig. 24.27

Respiration Fig. 24.28

Osmotic Regulation Fig. 24.29

Weird Fish Structures Fig. 24.31

Life Cycle of Salmonids Fig. 24.36b