Subphylum Craniata (Vertebrata) Phylum Chordata Subphylum Craniata (Vertebrata)
Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata) Increase in brain size & sensory apparati Derivation of neural crest Enclosure of anterior neural tube in cartilage/bone (neural crest derivative) Subsequent derivation of cartilaginous vertebrae, bony jaws & cranium Ossification of skeleton & derivation of appendicular skeleton Two superclasses Agnatha – without jaws Gnathostomata – mouth with jaws
Cranium Formation
Vertebrae Fig. 23.p477
Pharyngeal Slits: From Feeding to Respiration Fig. 23.p478a
Elaboration of Sensory Systems Fig. 23.p478b
Vertebrate Cladistics Subphylum (group) superclass superclass Fig. 24.2 Vertebrate Cladistics
Phish Phylogeny Fig. 24.1
Class Myxini - Hagfish Fig. 24.3a
Hagfish Feeding Fig. 24.3d
Class Cephalaspidomorphi Lamprey Fig. 24.5
Ammocoete Larvae of Lamprey Filter feeders using pharyngeal slits Fig. 23.14
Lamprey
Lamprey Feeding Fig. 24.6
Lamprey Wound
The terrifying development from the terrifying pharyngeal pouches
Development of Jaws Fig. 23.17
Fig. 24.2
Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fish Fig. 24.7
Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii sharks & skates & rays Skates Fleshy tail, 2 dorsal fins, sometimes caudal fin Lay egg case (mermaid’s purse) Rays Narrow tail without fins, with spines
Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii Caudal fin Fig. 24.8
Unique Sensory Structures Fig. 24.10
Chondrichthyes Anatomy Rostrum Fig. 24.11
Subclass Holocephali – Chimeras Fig. 24.14
Chondrichthyes Reproduction Internal fertilization Males have claspers between pelvic fins Reproductive modes Oviparous Fertilized egg is laid Ovoviviparous Egg develops within female and living young are born No placenta or placental structures Viviparous Embryos develop within female and living young are born Some placenta-like structures of maternal origin
Group Osteichthyes – bony fish Class Actinopterygii – ray-finned fish subclass Neopterygia subclass Chondrostei Class Sarcopterygii – fleshy-finned fish seahorse grouper flying fish coelacanth lungfish
Fish Scales Fig. 24.17
Types of Fish Scales Fig. 24.18
Fish Scales Allow Age Determination Fig. 24.37
Teleost Anatomy Fig. 24.15
General Body Form Fig. 24.Fig. 24
Fish Tales? Fig. 24.16
Primitive Bony Fish – Subclass Chondrostei Nonteleost bony fish Heterocercal tail Ganoid scales Lungs Fig. 24.19 Gar
Subclass Neopterygia – Teleost Swim bladder Two dorsal fins Homocercal tail Bass Tuna Salmon Walleye
Class Sarcopterygii – Lungfish & Coelocanth Fig. 24.22
Buoyancy Fig. 24.27
Respiration Fig. 24.28
Osmotic Regulation Fig. 24.29
Weird Fish Structures Fig. 24.31
Life Cycle of Salmonids Fig. 24.36b