EAR. Outer Ear Auricle: Auricle: Layer of skin over cartilage framework. Lobule = fibrous fatty tissue with no cartilage. Sensory innervation: Sensory.

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Presentation transcript:

EAR

Outer Ear Auricle: Auricle: Layer of skin over cartilage framework. Lobule = fibrous fatty tissue with no cartilage. Sensory innervation: Sensory innervation: Great auricular nerve. Auriculotemporal nerve. Lesser occipital nerve.

Outer Ear External acoustic (auditory) meatus: External acoustic (auditory) meatus: From auricle to tympanic membrane. 2.5 cm in length. S-shaped. Lined by skin and ceruminous glands.

Middle Ear Tympanic membrane: Tympanic membrane: Dense fibrous membrane. Covered by skin externally. Covered by mucosa internally.

Middle Ear Tympanic cavity: Tympanic cavity: Air-filled cavity within petrous portion of temporal bone. Round window: Enclosed by secondary tympanic membrane: Undergoes compensatory excursions with movement of stapes. Oval window: Closed by footplate of stapes.

Middle Ear Auditory ossicles: Auditory ossicles:Malleus: Attached to tympanic membrane. Incus.Stapes: Attached to oval window (fenestra vestibuli).

Middle Ear Stapedius muscle: Stapedius muscle: Inserts onto neck of stapes. Contracts reflexively in response to loud sounds. Innervated by CN VII.

Middle Ear Tensor tympani muscle: Tensor tympani muscle: Inserts onto malleus. Contracts reflexively to loud sounds. Innervated by CN V-3.

Middle Ear CN IX: CN IX: Tympanic nerve: GSA to mucosa of tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells, and auditory tube. Lateral petrosal nerve: Leaves tympanic cavity to floor of middle cranial fossa. Descends through foramen ovale to infratemporal fossa. Ends in otic ganglion.

Inner Ear Lies within petrous part of temporal bone. Lies within petrous part of temporal bone. Consists of: Consists of: Bony labyrinth: Lined with periosteum. Membranous labyrinth. Supplied by: Supplied by: Labyrinthine artery (from basilar artery): (Basilar artery is formed by fusion of two vertebral arteries).

Inner Ear Cochlea: Cochlea: Resembles a snail shell. Three turns. Round window (fenestra cochlea). Vestibule: Vestibule:Contains:Utricle.Saccule.

Inner Ear Cochlear (auditory) nerve (CN VIII). Cochlear (auditory) nerve (CN VIII). Semicircular canals: Semicircular canals: Anterior, posterior, lateral. Arranged in three planes. Open into utricle. Dilated at one end to form ampulla: With crista ampullaris. Senses rotational acceleration.

Inner Ear Utricle and saccule: Utricle and saccule: With macula. Senses linear acceleration and pull of gravity. Vestibular nerve (CN VIII): Vestibular nerve (CN VIII):