The Outer Ear Consists of:

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR
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Presentation transcript:

The Outer Ear Consists of: The Pinna - cartilaginous, highly variable in appearance, some landmarks. External Auditory Canal (or external auditory meatus) - 2.5 cm tube.

External Auditory Canal lateral portion-cartilage medial portion-osseous lined with epidermal (skin) tissue hairs in lateral part cerumen (ear wax) secreted in lateral part.

Outer Ear Functions Amplification / Filtering Protection Localization

The Middle Ear: A cleft within the temporal bone Lining is mucous membrane Tympanic Membrane separates it from EAC Eustachian tube connects it to nasopharynx Also Connected to Mastoid Air Cells

Middle Ear Structures 1- Malleus 2- Incus --Ossicles 3- Stapes 4- Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) 5- Round Window 6- Eustachian Tube

Middle Ear Muscles 1. The Stapedius Attaches to Stapes,Contracts in Response to Loud sounds, chewing, speaking; Facial (VIIth cranial) nerve 2. The Tensor Tympani Helps open Eustachian tube

Middle Ear Functions Impedance Matching Filtering Acoustic Reflex

INNER EAR Two Halves: Vestibular--transduces motion and pull of gravity Cochlear--transduces sound energy (Both use Hair Cells)

Cochlear Functions Transduction- Converting acoustical-mechanical energy into electro-chemical energy. Frequency Analysis-Breaking sound up into its component frequencies

Afferent & Efferent Neurons

REFERENCES www.google.com www.teachingbiology.com web.clas.ufl.edu/users/sgriff/courses

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