Resentment by Germany over the Treaty of Versailles Russia bitter over being left out by and outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles Japan becomes militarisitic,

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Resentment by Germany over the Treaty of Versailles Russia bitter over being left out by and outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles Japan becomes militarisitic, imperialistic, and anti-western Economic depression in Europe ( )

Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) Benito Mussolini (Italy) 1.Leader of Soviet Union after death of Lenin in Transforms country into Industrial power (Five-Year Plan and New Economic Policy) 3.Executed anyone against his rule (Great Purge) 4. Communist form of govt. 1.Appointed head of govt. by king of Italy in Used Black Shirts (secret army) to enforce his policies 3. Fascist form of govt.

Adolph Hitler (Germany) joins National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) & becomes leader 2.Wrote Mein Kampf to express political and racial views 3.Appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933 (Third Reich est.) 4. Nazism form of govt. (German version of Fascism) Hermann Goring (Germany) 1.Military leader and politician (2 nd in charge) 2.Founded the Gestapo and Commander of the Luftwaffe Joseph Goebbels (Germany) 1.Politician and Minister of Propaganda 2.An author of the Final Solution

Emperor Hirohito(Japan) Hideki Tojo (Japan) 1.In 1926 becomes Emperor of Japan 2.Head of State under Constitution of Japan 3.Japanese belief = Emperor was god on Earth 1.Japanese military leader 2.Nationalist and Imperialist beliefs (Anti-Western views) 3.In 1941 becomes Prime Minister 3. Installs a Imperialist Military Regime form of govt.

1. September 19, Japan invades Manchuria 2. March 7, Germany invades Rhineland 3. May 9, Italy invades Ethiopia 4. July 18, 1936 – Spanish Civil War begins (Germany and Italy support Fascist leader Francisco Franco) 5. July 1, 1937 – Japan invades China 6. March 12, 1938 – Germany annex’s Austria

7. October 15, Germany invades Sudetenland 8. March 15/16, Germany invades Czechoslovakia 9. May 22, 1939 – Germany & Italy sign 'Pact of Steel' 10. Aug 23, 1939 – Germany & Soviet Union sign ‘Non-Aggression Pact’ 11. September 1, Germany invades Poland (from the west) 12. September 17, Soviets invade Poland (from the east)

Definition: Diplomatic policy of making concessions in order to avoid conflict Used by Great Britain and France throughout Germany’s military aggression ( ) Munich Agreement – Hitler promised no further aggression once Germany has the Sudetenland Britain and France agree

Kellogg-Briand Pact treaty w/62 countries; states war would not be used as national policy U.S. policy in 1930’s = Isolationism recognize Soviet Union - Good Neighbor Policy w/Latin America Reciprocal Trade Agreement (1934) - reduces tariffs to increase trade Neutrality Acts (1935) - no arms sales to any nations at war - no loans to nations at war Response to Japan’s attack on China - U.S. sends supplies to China - FDR speaks out against isolationism - Opinions are split in America

September 3, Britain and France declare war on Germany (2 days after Invasion of Poland) The Phony War (Sept to May 1940) – period of military aggression between Allied and Axis Powers - Maginot Line: French and British built fortifications along France’s eastern border - Siegfried Line: German front line of troops a few miles away from France’s border

1. Sept. – Nov Soviets invade & annex Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, & Finland 2. April 9, Germany invades Denmark & Norway 3. May 10, Germany invades France, Netherlands, Belgium, & Luxembourg 4. June 10, Italy declares war on Britain & France 5. June 22, France surrenders to Germany

Cash & Carry Provision – (added to Neutrality Act of 1939) nations at war can buy arms from U.S. as long as they transport themselves All Aid Short of War (1940) - U.S. supply Britain and France with large amounts of rifles, machine guns, & leased destroyers Congress in 1940 increases Defense Spending upon FDR’s request Selective Service & Training Act (1940) - 1 st peacetime draft

Lend-Lease Act (1941) – U.S. would lend or lease arms to nations whose defense was vital to the United States Atlantic Charter (1941) - joint declaration of war aims w/Britain - collective security - disarmament - self-determination - economic cooperation - freedom of the seas Issues with German Wolf Packs – to combat Lend-Lease Act Hitler sends German U-Boats to prevent delivery - Shoot on Sight – FDR’s command to U.S. destroyer if U-Boat is seen