Major Events of Islam Post-Classical Period Madnick/Global History 9 1

Mohamed Born in Mecca, 570 died Hegira –moved from Mecca to Medina --created first Islamic city-state with Muslim government and military forces Muslims believe he died in Jerusalem and went up to heaven 2

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Umayyad Dynasty, Capital city in Damascus, Syria (ME) Rapid spread of Islam in Afro Eurasia Why did it spread so quickly? – Muslim horse cavalries were faster than traditional foot soldiers – Muslims allowed conquered people to keep their cultures – Message of Islam was appealing 6

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Umayyad Dynasty, Cultural diffusion – Most conquered people spoke Arabic – Many converted to Islam in AfroEurasia 8

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Abbasid Dynasty, Capital city at Baghdad “It is an excellent military camp. Besides, here is the Tigris to put us in touch with the lands of China and bring us all that the seas yield” Al Mansur Founder of Baghdad 10

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Abbasid Dynasty, Golden Age of Islam Major achievements in science, math, medicine, art, literature Translation Movement: Greek texts translated into Arabic Baghdad became major trade center of the world 12

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Abbasid Dynasty, silk, porcelain, and paper from China sugar, spices, precious metals from India ivory, gold, and black slaves from Africa jewels and wool from Turkey pearls from Arabia furs and white slaves from Russia. taxes from all over the empire

Other Events 1055-Turks invaded Baghdad from CA – Converted to Islam and kept Abbasid rulers – AKA Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Turks 1099-Christian armies invaded from WE and conquered Jerusalem – Muslims and Christians fought over control of Jerusalem for the next 300 yrs. in wars called the Crusades 15

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Other Events 1216-Mongols invaded ME from CA – Led by Ghenghis Khan – Converted to Islam and created the world’s largest empire ever 17

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Delhi Sultanate, Muslim empire in India Capital city at Delhi Many Muslims moved from Baghdad to Delhi to escape Mongol invasions 20

21 Delhi Sultanate, Trade increased between the ME and SEA Cultural Diffusion— – Many Hindus converted to Islam to escape the caste system – Urdu: new language combined Arabic and Hindi – Sikhism: new religion combined Islam and Hinduism

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