MEMBRANE FILTRATION All images included in this file are reproduced with permission from the copyright holders and/or Companies producing the respective.

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MEMBRANE FILTRATION All images included in this file are reproduced with permission from the copyright holders and/or Companies producing the respective products.

MEMBRANE FILTRATION 1. Filtration and Microscopy eg. DEFT = Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique Uses: originally to test hygienic quality of raw milk now used to enumerate fresh and processed meat and fish, beverages and water supplies. Technique: sample filtered onto polycarbonate membrane concentrates bacteria stain with acridine orange bacterial cells fluoresce and are counted under epifluorescent microscope

MEMBRANE FILTRATION 2. Filtration and CFU determination Use for raw products and in-process quality control Concentrates relatively large volumes of sample eg liquid soft drink onto a membrane filter through a filtration manifold unit Membrane filter is then aseptically removed onto a Nutrient Pad Set (sartorius)in a Petri dish and incubated Nutrient pad is dehydrated culture media which has been rehydrated with sterile water Colonies are counted after incubation

MEMBRANE FILTRATION Sartorius supply nutrient pad sets with specialised selective media for microorganism detection in Beer – especially sterility Wine Milk Soft drink Water Food – largely as a pre-filter (pharmaceuticals and cosmetics – especially testing drug sterility)

Filtration Flow Chart for Method of CFU determination (picture supplied by Sartorius)

How to use the nutrient pad sets for membrane filtration (picture supplied by Sartorius)

Total count on non-selective agar using a Nutrient Pad Set of mixed culture from water (picture supplied by Sartorius)

E. Coli and coliforms on chromocult Nutrient Pad Set of mixed culture from water (picture supplied by Sartorius)

Problems and Solutions Difficulties filtering food suspensions Helped by using a pre-filter usually made of glass fibre Counting large number of colonies on a plate Helped by using filters with hydrophobic grid lines. The lines are made of non-toxic water repellent material, so the colony size and spread is limited. (HGMF)