Evidence for….

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Presentation transcript:

Evidence for…

Four Types of Evidence A. Fossils B. Transitional Forms C. Comparison of Organisms D. Evolution Today

A. Fossils Types of Fossils: 1. Actual remains--wolly mammoth, shells 2. Petrification--organic substances replaced by minerals 3. Molds--”hollow” left after decay 4. Cast--filled in mold 5. Traces--footprints, scat, tools (often found in lava, sediments, ice)

B. Transitional Forms Intermediate stages between old & new forms Ex: whales, birds/reptiles (Ex: archaeopterix), amphibians/fish Evolution- How Do We Kn#1713B99

Comparison of Organisms--similar structures which give support for evolution Homologous Structures-- structures that are biologically similar in different species, but have changed through time Ex: fin, arm, wing, hand

C. Comparison of Organisms cont… B. Vestigial Structures --structures that are inherited but are now unused (without function) Ex: tail bone & ear muscles in humans, whale pelvis, hip & leg bones in a snake

C. Comparison of Organisms cont… Embryo Comparisons --Similar embryonic development Ex: vertebrate embryos look very similar (all have gill pouches & tails) YouTube - What Can Embr#1713AE9

Embryo Comparison Pictures

C. Comparison of Organisms cont… DNA Comparison -all living organisms have DNA with the same 4 bases (A, T, C, G) All have similar amino acids (only 20 different a.a.) Chimps & humans have 98.6% DNA relatedness

C. Comparison of Organisms cont… Selective Breeding -humans have bred dogs over hundreds of years to obtain new breeds; seedless oranges

D. Evolution Occurs Today Evolution is happening today, as we speak! Ex: antibiotic resistant bacteria, new strains of viruses (flu)

Key Concepts Can you define………..? Fossils Vestigial and homologous structures Embryo Selective and artificial breeding DNA Comparision