An approach to the patient with severe hypokalaemia: the potassium quiz by J.H.M. Groeneveld, Y.W.J. Sijpkens, S.-H. Lin, M.R. Davids, and M.L. Halperin.

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Presentation transcript:

An approach to the patient with severe hypokalaemia: the potassium quiz by J.H.M. Groeneveld, Y.W.J. Sijpkens, S.-H. Lin, M.R. Davids, and M.L. Halperin QJM Volume 98(4): March 21, 2005 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Initial steps in the patient with a very low PK. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Creation of a more negative voltage in cells. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Approach to the patient with low K+ excretion. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Approach to the patient with high K+ excretion. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Components of K+ excretion in the terminal CCD. The barrel shaped structures represent the terminal CCD. Reabsorbing Na+ faster than Cl− in the CCD creates the lumen negative voltage that drives the net secretion of K+. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Plasma renin and aldosterone in the syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Indirect loss of NaHCO3 in glue sniffing. J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

Non-invasive estimate of the flow rate in the terminal CCD. The barrel-shaped structure represents the CCD. When ADH acts, the Posm and the osmolality in the luminal fluid of the CCD are equal (represented as 300 mOsm/kg H2O for easy calculation). J.H.M. Groeneveld et al. QJM 2005;98: The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please