Monarchs and Colonies England’s monarchs and their development of American colonies

Elizabeth I Reigned 1558 – 1603 Wants colonies to compete with Spain (mercantilism) ◦ Spread Protestant faith ◦ Provide raw material ◦ Be a market for English goods

Roanoke 1580s Financed by Sir Walter Raleigh Poorly planned and supplied ◦ Failed “Lost Colony”

James I Reigned Wants colonies that will economically help England Wants to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England

Jamestown (Virginia) 1607 Created by Virginia Company of London ◦ Created to make profit for investors Tobacco created wealth Created House of Burgesses in 1619 John Smith

Plymouth (Massachusetts) 1620 Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution Created Mayflower Compact

New Hampshire 1623 John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade ◦ Portsmouth Atlantic Cod

Charles I Reigned Son of James I Didn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament Wanted to help the Catholics

Massachusetts Bay 1630 Settled by the Puritans ◦ Great Migration Absorbed Plymouth Founded Harvard College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers Town meetings John Winthrop

Maryland 1632 Founded as a refuge for English Catholics Welcomed all Christians 1 st settlement St. Mary’s City George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Connecticut 1636 Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Thomas Hooker

Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams kicked out of Massachusetts Believed in the separation of church and state Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly Roger Williams

English Civil War 1642 – 1648 Supporters of Charles I versus Parliament controlled by the Puritans Oliver Cromwell led the Parliament’s army, also known as the “Roundheads” Charles I captured in 1648 and executed in 1649

Commonwealth Ruled as Lord Protector Tried to make England a strict Puritan religious state Oliver Cromwell

Commonwealth Ends Took over as Lord Protector when father died Allowed negotiations for the restoration of the monarchy Gave up control of the country in 1659 Richard Cromwell

Restoration of the Monarchy Parliament opens negotiations with Charles I’s son Charles Charles agrees to return as King Charles II Agrees to only punish those who participated in his father’s execution

Charles II Reigned Son of Charles I Known as “The Merry Monarch” Owed a lot of people for restoring him to the throne Paid them in land

The Carolinas 1663 Founded in 1663 Groups of proprietors Most noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1 st Earl of Shaftesbury His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina Split into North and South in 1712

New York 1664 New Jersey Originally New Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624 ◦ Taken for its trade routes & commerce Became English in 1664 Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II) Originally part of New Netherlands Became English in 1664 Land sales and religious freedom Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania 1682 Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land William Penn

Delaware 1682 Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) Taken over by the Dutch Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704

James II Charles II’s younger brother, Duke of York Reigned Overthrown in the “Glorious Revolution” in favor of daughter Mary and her husband William

William (III) and Mary (II) William reigns Mary dies in 1694 English Bill of Rights is created

Queen Anne Reigns Mary’s younger sister None of her children survived Last of the Stuart line

Hanovarian Line Reigns Great Grandson of James I Speaks no English, only German George I

George II Reigns Son of George I Stopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart

Georgia 1732 Place to send debtors Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol James Oglethorpe

George III Reigns Grandson of George II Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada