AP World History Maritime Revolution

 Malayo-Indonesians colonized Madagascar.  Arabs established trades routes & markets  Ming Chinese treasure ships for diplomats.

Maritime Revolution  Vikings in Iceland, Greenland & Vinland  Few Europeans returned from Atlantic in 11 th & 12 th centuries.  Arawak and Carib settled in Greater & Lesser Antilles.

Maritime Revolution  Iberian kingdoms sponsored exploration: 1. Adventure, 2. revival of trade, and 3. control Mediterranean

Maritime Revolution  Italian city-states: allied & traded with Muslims gained access to Asian goods. Had advanced shipbuilding & cannon technology, & remained open to new geography.

Maritime Revolution  Prince Henry the Navigator, researcher  Improved the compass & astrolabe & designed new shipping vessels.

Maritime Revolution  Portuguese learned about the westerlies & proceeded to explore the African coast.  God, glory, and gold.

Maritime Revolution  Fernao Gomes sent explorers to Gold Coast  Bartolomeu Dias & Vasco da Gama rounded tip of Africa & contacted India.

Maritime Revolution  1492 Columbus claims discovery for Spain leading to the Treaty of Tordesillas

Maritime Revolution  Magellan sails around globe & establishes Spain’s claim to Philippines.

Maritime Revolution  West Africa welcomed Portuguese for trade.  Benin and Kongo prospered, but only in the beginning.

Maritime Revolution  East African response to the Portuguese was varied based on the needs on both sides.

Maritime Revolution  Portuguese gained control of major ports using superior ships & firepower.  Control of ports led to dominating spice trade

Maritime Revolution  Portuguese never completely controlled Indian Ocean trade, but still became very wealthy.

Maritime Revolution  Arawak – Hispaniola  Spanish followed same recipe for control in Antilles & throughout the Caribbean.

Maritime Revolution  Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs.  Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incans.

Maritime Revolution  Spain’s conquest due to 1. disease 2. Military technology 3. Same pattern of conquest formerly used.

Maritime Revolution  Eastern Hemisphere experienced different pattern of dominance  Profit without conquest of territory.

Conclusions  Opening new trade routes marks the beginning of the “modern period.”

Conclusions  Opening new trade routes laid basis for long-term expansion & growing global interaction.