The Devious Logic of Metaphor Leroy Searle University of Washington

Metaphor as an Instrument of Relation Type 1: Attribute Matching e.g. My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose Type 2: Analogy & Substitution e.g. The eye of heaven Type 3: Problematic Intensionality Type 4: Association Restriction (acres of illustrations)

1: Attribute Matching: A—r—B A Red, Red Rose O my luve's like a red, red rose That's newly sprung in June; O mu luve's like the melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I; And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun; O I will luve thee still, my dear While the sands o' life shall run. And fare-thee-weel, my only Luve! And fare-thee-weel awhile! And I will come again, my luve, Tho' 'twere ten thousand miles. O my luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June; O my luve's like the melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune. --Robert Burns Love Rose Melody in tune -fresh -fresh-fresh? -beautiful -beautiful-beautiful -[animal] -plant -abstract -smell -smell -? -? -thorns -? -? -aphids -? -pleasing -pleasing -pleasing

2: Analogy & Substitution XVIII Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. --William Shakespeare eye: face :: sun : heaven eye of heaven but not: sun of face

3: Problematic Intensionality: Violation of expectations The Sick Rose O Rose thou art sick. The invisible worm, That files in the night In the howling storm: Has found out thy bed Of crimson joy: And his dark secret love Does thy life destroy --William Blake

4. Associational Restrictions 986 A narrow Fellow in the Grass Occasionally rides— You may have met Him—did you not His notice sudden is— The Grass divides as with a Comb— A spotted shaft is seen— And then it closes at your feet And opens further on— He likes a Boggy Acre A Floor too cool for Corn— Yet when a Boy, and Barefoot— I more than once at Noon Have passed, I thought, a Whip lash Unbraiding in the Sun When stooping to secure it It wrinked, and was gone— Several of Nature’s People I know, and they know me— I feel for them a transport Of cordiality— But never met this Fellow Attended, or alone Without a tighter breathing And Zero at the Bone— --Emily Dickinson By Noun By Verb By Modifier By Syntax By Convention Also: Allusions, Quotations, &c.

Mediating Functions / Topic – Comment Grammar TOPICCOMMENT [community] [history] {First}* Selecting identifying structuring P: :S [Perception Cognition] [Syntax Situation] -predicating- {Third }* processing {Second}* * Categories of Charles Sanders Peirce

Computer Poetry Shall I compare thee to a noxious bed? Thou art more like a graceful squalid egg: For none will ever warmly call thee red Until, my elk, they see us choke a leg. My heart is crimson, likewise is it blue, When e'er I see the hopeless maidens growl; I stunned the reckless butler - for a gnu Had crudely whistled as it found a fowl. Alas! the days of android, blob and pine Are gone, and now the stainless scarecrows fume; Icelandic was the reindeer, now so fine And vermin cannot heat the chuckling broom. But thou, my falling gorgon, shalt not write Until we firmly stand at Heaven's light. --Jonathan R. Partington

‘Canons’ of Logic (1) the law of contradiction, –for all propositions p, it is impossible for both p and not p to be true (2) the law of excluded middle (or third),law of excluded middle –either p or ~p must be true, there being no third or middle true proposition between them (3) the principle of identity. –a thing is identical with itself, x=x. –BUT: –(1) presupposes uniform intensionality, and is therefore not criteriological for truth or falsity if that condition is not established: it is a felicity condition for decisions; –(2) presupposes that the formation of predicates is either exhaustive or unproblematic; it is therefore a felicity condition for the selection or formulation of predicates; –(3) is a logical prejudice deriving from an uncritical acceptance of (1) & (2) as unproblematic. It further assumes that the only mode of being is the being of a thing.