Lesson 22 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic, Pt 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson 22 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic, Pt 2

Allied Strategy Protect existing shipping Build to replace shipping losses, expand fleet Go on the offensive against the U-boats Improve intelligence on U-boat operations Close Mid-Atlantic Gap Develop Hunter-Killer teams

Signals Intelligence Source Enigma ( SIGINT )

Enigma Source

Enigma Source Bletchley Park Alan Turing’s “Bombe”

Enigma Source British intelligence received its first Enigma machine in 1939 from Polish military Additional machines captured by Royal Navy May 9, 1941: U-110 off Iceland October 30, 1942: U-559 in the Mediterranean USN captured U-505, June 4, 1944

Direction Finding High Frequency Direction Finding (HF/DF) “Huff-Duff” ( ELINT ) German subs required to report positions Allies used information to reroute convoys Later used to direct Hunter- Killer task forces

Source: The World At War Mid-Atlantic Gap

Maritime Patrol Aircraft Source RAF Liberator USAAF A-29 Hudson RAF Fortress Blimps

Maritime Patrol Aircraft Caught On The Surface – Robert Taylor RAF Sunderland Flying Boat – Coastal Command vs. U July 1943 – Bay of Biscay Source

Airborne Detection Tools Leigh Light Powerful aircraft light for night attacks Introduced June 1942

Airborne Detection Tools Airborne Radar Permitted location of submarines in bad weather and at night First U-boat kill November 1941 RAF Coastal Command Liberator Mk III with ASV radar Antenna Detail

Pioneering video documentary

Going on the Offensive (0 – 7:04)

Escort Carrier T-3 Tanker USS Bogue Built in Kaiser shipyards on T-3 tanker hulls

Escort Carrier Comparison With Fleet Carrier

USS Bogue CVE-9 Source Displacement: 7,800 tons standard; 15,700 tons full load (design) Length: 495' 8" (151.1 m) Beam: 111.5' (34 m) Power plant: 2 boilers (285 psi); 1 steam turbine; 1 shaft; 8,500 shp Speed: 16.5 knots Armament: 2 single 5"/51 (later 5"/38) gun mounts; (1943) 8 twin 40- mm/56-cal gun mounts; (1943) 27 single 20-mm/70-cal gun mounts Aircraft: 24 Aviation facilities: 2 elevators; 1 hydraulic catapult Crew: 890 Laid Down: 1 Oct 41 Launched: 15 Jan 42 Commissioned: 28 Sep 42

Hunter-Killer Team

Hunter Becomes the Hunted U-118 under attack by aircraft from USS Bogue June 12, 1943 Source

Battle of the Atlantic Won ( 1:48:30 – 1:54:10 )

Capture of U-505 Task Force 22.3 June 4, 1944 Escort carrier Guadalcanal (CVE-60) Five destroyer escorts: Pillsbury (DE-133) Pope (DE-134), Flaherty (DE-135), Chatelain (DE-149), Jenks (DE-665) Captain Dan Gallery Commander

Capture of U-505 ( 18:12 – 25:27 )

Capture of U-505 Boarding Party Arrives from USS Pillsbury June 4, 1944

Capture of U-505 First USN combat prize since War of 1812

Capture of U-505 USS Guadalcanal towing U-505

Players in U-505 Capture Captain Daniel V. GalleryLT(jg) Albert L. David

Players in U-505 Capture Captain Daniel V. Gallery Commander, Task Group 22.3 After capture, Navy did not know what to do with him Set his sights on capturing a U-boat Decorate him Court martial him Eventually promoted him to rear admiral Why?

Players in U-505 Capture LT(jg) Albert L. David Asst. Engineering Officer on USS Pillsbury Led boarding party to U-505 Remained inside sub despite threat of scuttling charges & open sea valves Awarded Medal of Honor Only MOH awarded for Battle of Atlantic

May 1943: The Turning Point “What is now decisive is that enemy aircraft have been equipped with a new location apparatus … which enables them to detect submarines and attack them in low cloud, bad visibility, or at nights. Much the largest number of submarines now being sunk are being sunk by aircraft. … These losses are too high. We must now husband our resources because, to do anything else, would simply be to play the enemy’s game” Admiral Dönitz to Hitler, May 1943

U-boat Losses By Month U-boat.net

Ship Losses

Ships Lost vs. Built Source

US Shipbuilding Source Ships Built by US Maritime Commission US Maritime Commission 5,500+ ships

Losses Museum of Science & Industry, Chicago

Victory in the Atlantic ( 25: :29)

"The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea, in the air, depended ultimately on its outcome.” Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, Volume V, Closing the Ring 1951

The Second Battle of the Atlantic “The German people do not understand the sea” Attributed to Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz ( )

Lesson 24 WW II: America Enters the War

Lesson Objectives Understand the Japanese and American strategies for the war in the Pacific and Asia. Analyze the impact of the military revolution during the interwar years on the war in the Pacific theater. Become familiar with the timeline of events in the Pacific war. Understand the significance of the Battle of Midway and the role of signals intelligence in the outcome.