The Cell and Its Organelles

Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke: (1665) Publishes book Micrographia, contains drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: (1674) Observes tiny living organisms in pond water.

Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of __cells___. 2. The cell is the basic unit of ___life. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Cell Diversity Cells are __unicellular_ (one celled) and _multicellular (many celled) organisms are composed of cells Cells come in a variety of shapes, & the shape helps determine the function of the cell

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Unicellular or multi celled Lacks nucleus & no membrane-bound organelles E.g. Bacteria Includes both unicellular & multicellular organisms Have a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles Organelles- structures in cell’s that perform specific functions Plant cells, animal cells, algae, fungi, protists

We will compare and discuss organelles within plant and animal cells which are Eukaryotes

Cell Organelles and Structures Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Cytoplasm Chromosomes and Chromatin Mitochondria Lysosomes Vacuoles Rough ER Cytoskeleton Microtubules Golgi apparatus Smooth ER Nuclear pores Nuclear envelope Microfilaments Cell wall Chloroplasts Ribosomes

Cell membrane Thin barrier surrounding the cell Protects the cell & controls what enters and leaves

Nucleus, Cytoplasm Nucleus: Brain of the cell. Contains all of the cells genetic material- DNA Cytoplasm: material inside of the cell that contains many important cell structures. (Outside of the nucleus)

Other Organelles Nucleolus: Assembly and production of ribosomes Ribosomes: Where protein is made Nuclear envelope: Covering that allows the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus by nuclear pores

Chromatin Chromatin: Granular material that is visible within the nucleus (DNA bound to protein)

Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and Rough) Components of the cell membrane are assembled and proteins modified. Rough ER: Synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes on the surface Smooth ER: Collection of enzymes that make lipids (fats) which form part of the cell membrane

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell!!!! Make and releases energy from stored food molecules for cells Powers growth, development and movement

Golgi apparatus Flat sacs that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins through enzymes Enzymes are proteins (catalyst) Named after Italian biologist Camillo Golgi who discovered the apparatus

Cytoskeleton-framework of cell Protein filaments: Helps cell maintain its shape. Aids in cell movement Microtubules: move materials within the cell. –Move the cilia and flagella Microfilaments: Tough-flexible framework for the cell.

LYSOSOMES Only in ANIMAL CELLS! Filled with enzymes Digests lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins for use by the cell. Removes debris and excess clutter in the cell

CELL WALL Support and protects the cell Made from fibers of carbohydrates and protein. Will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances to pass through them. ONLY IN PLANT CELLS!!!!!

Vacuoles Large in plants Small in animals Store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates May contain poisons to keep animals from eating them

Chloroplasts Only found in PLANTS! Use energy from sunlight to make energy- rich food-PHOTOSYNTHESIS Location of green pigment CHLOROPHYLL

The cell as an engine View the cell as a car engine Composed of many different parts responsible to make it work If a part of the engine is not working properly then the car is affected All parts must work together for optimal success.