Cells. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells

Early Microscopes Robert Hooke – Looked at cork – Started calling the basic building block of life “cell”s Anton vanLeeuwenhoek – Looked at living things under a microscope

The Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Important Cell Terms Nucleus: Membrane-bound organelle that holds the genetic material in eukaryotes Organelle: “tiny organs” – Specialized structures inside cells Cytoplasm: fluid-like substance inside all cells

Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes Small (0.1 μm – 10 μm) Genetic material is not in a nucleus – DNA is in the cytoplasm Unicellular organisms (live alone) Example: bacteria

Eukaryotes Larger than prokaryotes Have nucleus and organelles Can live alone (unicellular) or with other cells (multicellular) Two types: Plant and Animal

Plant/Animal CellOrganelle NameFunction A B C D E F G H I J K L M

Animal Cell

Organelle NameFunction ACentriole BMicrotubules CLysosome DMitochondria ERough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) FSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) GRibosome HFlagella IGolgi Apparatus JNucleolus KNuclear Envelope LCytoplasm MCell Membrane

Organelles Centriole – Near nucleus – Help with cell division

Cell Parts Intermediate Filaments Microtubules – Cell shape – Cell organization Microfilaments

Organelles Lysosome – Small, filled with enzymes – Break down, or digest, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins – Get rid of old cell parts

Organelles Mitochondria – “power house” of the cell – convert food into useable energy

Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesis of proteins (ribosomes on the surface) – Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Make enzymes that perform special tasks (like making lipids and detoxification of drugs)

Organelles Ribsomes – Cellular “factory” – makes proteins

Organelles Flagella – Tail-like structure used for movement Cilia

Organelles Golgi apparatus – Modify, sort and package proteins and other material from the ER

Organelles Nucleus – 3 parts: Nucleolus – Makes ribosomes Nuclear Envelope – Membrane around the nucleus, contains nuclear pores

Cell Parts Cytoplasm – Fluid-like substance between the nuclear envelope (which surrounds the nucleus) and the cell membrane – Organelles are found floating in the cytoplasm

Cell Parts Cell membrane – In all cells – Barrier between outside of cell and inside of cell – Regulates what enters and leaves

Plant Cell

Organelle NameFunction ACell Membrane BCytoplasm CNuclear Envelope DNucleolus EGolgi Apparatus FVacuole GRibosome HSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) IRough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) JMitochondria KChloroplast LMicrotubules MCell Wall

Cell Parts Cell wall – ONLY in PLANT cells – Outside of cell membrane – Thick, rigid barrier to protect cells

Organelles Chloroplasts – Capture sunlight to make energy for the cell – ONLY in PLANT cells

Organelles Vacuole – Storage of water, salts, carbohydrates and proteins – Large in plant cells – Found in some prokaryotes and animal cells

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