REVIEW 2 ND SIX WEEKS

ENERGY SOURCES OB 6.7AB The student is expected to research and debate the advantages and disadvantages of using coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and solar resources AND design a logical plan to manage energy resources in the home, school, or community.natural gas

6.7AB Key Concept 1: Coal, oil, and natural gas are natural resources created from the remains of early plants and animals. They are burned to generate heat that is turned into power Key Concept 2: Burning coal and oil causes a high level of pollution, whereas natural gas can be burned cleanly.

6.7AB Key Concept 3: Nuclear power is gathered from the nuclei of radioactive materials. Nuclear power produces a large amount of energy and produces waste that cannot easily be disposed. Nuclear power plants must be kept in very good condition, for a meltdown leads to a large amount of wide-scale pollution.

6.7AB Key Concept 4: Biomass is composed of the remains of plants, animal waste, and/or garbage. Biomass has many uses, including providing nutrients to plants and the harvesting of methane (natural gas) and ethanol. Dry biomass is burned to generate heat and electricity. Using biomass reduces the amount of waste put into landfills and reduces our reliance upon other forms of energy; however, burning biomass results in pollution and greenhouse gases.

6.7AB Key Concept 5: Wind and hydropower use the motion of the wind and water to turn turbines, creating energy. These forms of energy produce no pollution and require no consumable resources. Wind and hydropower require large, often complex, machinery to convert the energy to electricity. In general, it does not provide a very large amount of energy.

6.7AB Key Concept 6: Geothermal energy is formed from the heat of Earth, and solar energy is formed from the light of the Sun. Both are converted to electricity and require large, often expensive, machinery. Without proper sunlight, solar energy production is limited. Geothermal and solar energy produce little to no pollution. Key Concept 7: Energy is conserved everywhere by examining the amount of resources consumed, electricity used, and fuel used.

6.7AB Key Concept 8: Electricity is managed by turning o ff lights, keeping appliances unplugged, and relying minimally upon the use of heating and cooling devices. This includes air conditioning and refrigeration.refrigeration Key Concept 9: Fuel is saved by finding alternative forms of transportation, using alternative-fuel vehicles, and by driving slowly. Key Concept 10: In the home, energy resources are most easily managed by turning o ff lights, using reusable materials, remaining mindful of water consumption, limiting hot-water use, and recycling.recycling

6.7AB Key Concept 12: In the community, energy is managed by using local markets and vendors, carpooling, public transportation, and recycling programs

THERMAL ENERGY 6.9AB Student Expectation The student is expected to investigate methods of thermal energy transfer, including conduction, convection, and radiation AND verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler until all the substances attain the same temperature such as an ice cube melting cooler

6.9 AB Key Concept 1: Thermal energy is the energy of heat, which transfers from hotter objects to colder objects. Key Concept 2: Conduction is the transfer of heat that occurs when two objects of different temperatures touch. Key Concept 3: Convection is the transfer of heat that occurs in currents of gas or liquid when substances of different temperatures mix.

6.9AB Key Concept 4: Radiation is the transfer of heat that occurs through empty space. Key Concept 5: Thermal energy will continue to move from one object to another until all objects have reached the same temperature. Key Concept 6: Objects that easily transfer thermal energy are called conductors and objects that do not easily transfer thermal energy are called insulators.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS 6.9C Student Expectation The student is expected to demonstrate energy transformations such as energy in a flashlight battery changes from chemical energy to electrical energy to light energy.

6.9C Key Concept 1: Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it changes from one form to another.form Key Concept 2: There are many different forms of energy, such as chemical energy (energy stored in bonds between atoms), electrical energy (energy of electric currents) and light energy (energy of electromagnetic waves).

6.9C Key Concept 3: Energy transformations occur regularly in our lives, such as when we use a flashlight (chemical to electrical to light energy), light a match (chemical to light energy), or digest food (chemical to thermal). Key Concept 4: Food chains and food webs are also examples of an energy transformation as radiant energy is transformed to chemical energy in plants and chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy (movement) in animals.

6.9AB