Chapter 3.1 Understanding Culture

What is Culture? Culture - the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs –A culture is comprised of 8 elements

What is Culture? Social groups- –various economic classes, ages, genders, and ethnic groups of people in a society

What is Culture? Language- e.g. English, French, Spanish –The most unifying force for a group of people –Dialect- local form of a language that differs from the same language in other areas

What is Culture? Religion- e.g. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism How people answer basics questions about life’s meaning Gives people meaning Helps to define right vs. wrong Helps shape different areas of the world

What is Culture? Christianity –Christians believe that Jesus Christ was sent to Earth and died on a cross to save humanity.

What is Culture? Buddhism –To escape suffering, people must follow the eightfold path (rules that lead to morality and wisdom) which leads to a blissful state (nirvana)

What is Culture? Hinduism –Believe in reincarnation (after death the soul is reborn)

What is Culture? Islam –Believe in one God, Allah –Follow the teachings of the Quran (Koran) Of which the teachings Muhammad said were revealed to him by Allah

What is Culture? Judaism –Believe in one God, Yahweh –By following God ’ s laws in the Torah (first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible) Jews believe they will have peace with God and one another

What is Culture? Daily Life - e.g. What & how a society eats, what they wear, how they live, & what they live in.

What is Culture? History - shapes the way people view the world & how they view themselves. –Holidays/celebrations –Major world events like WWII –Victories/defeats –Heroes –Major disasters

What is Culture? Arts – how people express their culture, what they think is beautiful & important. - e.g. painting, sculptures, architecture, dance, music, theater

What is Culture? Government - the rules & laws needed to keep order so people can live together with minimal conflict. –Democracy - powers rest with the people of the nation –Dictatorship - absolute rule by a dictator who usually assumes power by force –Monarchy - kings or queens are born into a ruling family and inherit their power to rule

What is Culture? Economy - how people in society earn a living

What is Culture? Cultural diffusion- spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures Culture region- different countries that have common traits –e.g. economies, governments, social groups Civilization – highly developed cultures

Chapter 3.2 Population Patterns

Death rate- number of people out of 1,000 who die each year Birthrate- number of people born each year for every 1,000 people

Population Patterns Since 1950, world food production has increased faster than population on all continents except Africa Famine- lack of food

Population Patterns Population distribution- where do you want to live? Population density- average number of people living in a square mile or kilometer (p.88)

Population Patterns Urbanization- movement from farms and villages to cities Emigrate- leave the country where you are born and move to another Refugees- people who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster

Chapter 3.3 Resources and World Trade

Natural resources- products of the earth that people use to meet their needs –Renewable resources- cannot be used up or can be replaced naturally –Nonrenewable resources- minerals found within the earth that cannot be replaced Coal, oil

Resources and World Trade Economic systems- sets rules for deciding what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who receives them

Resources and World Trade 4 types of economic systems –Traditional- based on customs handed down from generation to generation –Command- government makes all decisions –Market- individuals make decisions about what & how to produce –Mixed- aspects of 2 of the above

Resources and World Trade Export - trade TO other countries Import - buy FROM another country

Resources and World Trade Barriers to trade –tariff- tax added to the price of goods that are imported –Quota- number limit on how many items can be imported from another country

Resources and World Trade Free Trade - removing trade barriers so that goods flow freely among countries –NAFTA, EU

Resources and World Trade Differences in Development –Developed countries- countries that have a great deal of manufacturing –Developing countries- still working toward industrialization

Chapter 3.4 Technology Shrinks the World

Effects of Technology Information revolution - people can talk instantly with others practically everywhere on earth

Effects of Technology Transportation technology Communication technology

Globalization Civic participation- being an involved citizen –Rights- benefits and protections guaranteed to you by law –Responsibilities- duties you owe to other citizens and your government

Globalization Interdependence- countries depend on one another for goods, materials, and the markets in which to sell goods Globalization - development of a WORLD culture and interdependent economy Read p.101