If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert, in five years there'd be a shortage of sand “If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert, in five years there'd be a shortage of sand.” Milton Friedman POLITICS & POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

“Man is by nature a political animal!” WHAT DOES ARISTOTLE MEAN IN HIS QUOTE? Explain. DO YOU AGREE WITH ARISTOTLE? Why or why not? POLITICS & POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

“POLITICS is the activity through which people make, preserve & amend the general rules under which they live.” “What is POLITICS? What is the GOAL OF POLITICS?” (DEFINE the term “politics”) HOW – By… 1.) Exercising power over governmental institutions ELECTIONS 2.) Mastering the “science of government” INSTITUTIONS 3.) Making collective decisions NEGOTIATION 4.) Allocating society’s resources

CONFLICT “Competition between opposing forces, reflecting a diversity of opinions, preferences, needs or interests.” In society, different wants, needs, opinions & interests all exist! “How is politics a STRUGGLE BETWEEN CONFLICT AND COOPERATION?” COOPERATION “Working together; achieving goals through collective action.” …but, people realize that they must work together to effectively influence rules & government! POLITICS IS A SEARCH FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION VIEWS OR COMPETING INTERESTS ARE RECONCILED WITH ONE ANOTHER!

“What is POLITICAL IDEOLOGY?” POLITICS & POLITICAL IDEOLOGY Ideology & Pragmatism …an ideology begins with the belief that ‘things’ can be better; it is a plan to improve society by following certain doctrines! Principles have no real force except when one is well-fed “Principles have no real force except when one is well-fed.” Mark Twain It is the VERBAL IMAGE of a ‘GOOD’ SOCIETY – and the “chief means of constructing that society!” PRAGMATIC vs.IDEOLOGUE

Where do the terms LEFT and RIGHT come from “Where do the terms LEFT and RIGHT come from?” Politics, it seems to me, for years, or all too long, has been concerned with right or left instead of right or wrong “Politics, it seems to me, for years, or all too long, has been concerned with right or left instead of right or wrong.” Richard Armour “What do you think of when you hear LEFT and RIGHT in AMERICAN POLITICS?”

StalinMao Gandhi Stalin, Mao &… Gandhi? PinochetBush Rand Pinochet, Bush &… Rand? SOCIAL DIMENSION StalinGandhi DemocratsPinochet Rand Republicans By adding a SOCIAL DIMENSION (y axis) you can show the actual differences between Stalin, Gandhi and Democrats; Pinochet, Rand and Republicans! “What is the problem with a LINEAR REPRESENTATION of political ideology?” DEMOCRATREPUBLICAN

“WHAT HISTORICAL FIGURE DO YOU SHARE A SPOT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM WITH? WHAT WAS YOUR POLITICAL IDEOLOGY?”

COLLECTIVIST IDEOLOGY CAPITALIST IDEOLOGY desirefor the economy to be run by a cooperative collectiveagency STATE COMMUNES …the “ desire for the economy to be run by a cooperative collective agency ” (the STATE OR a network of COMMUNES) desire for the economy to be left to competing individuals and organizations …the “ desire for the economy to be left to competing individuals and organizations ” INTER- DEPENDENCE OF HUMANS RESOURCES ABILITIES 1.) Emphasizes the INTER- DEPENDENCE OF HUMANS and their RESOURCES and ABILITIES GROUP GOALS INDIVIDUAL GOALS 2.) Priority of GROUP GOALS over INDIVIDUAL GOALS INDEPENDENCE SELF-RELIANCE 1.) Promotes exercise of own goals and desires; values INDEPENDENCE and SELF-RELIANCE INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY 2.) Advocates for INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY in a free market What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies “What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies?” LEFT/RIGHT – X AXIS – ‘ECONOMIC ISSUES’

COLLECTIVIST IDEOLOGY CAPITALIST IDEOLOGY AUTHORITARIAN COLLECTIVIST AUTHORITARIAN COLLECTIVIST: Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot AUTHORITARIAN CAPITALIST AUTHORITARIAN CAPITALIST: Augusto Pinochet LEFT/RIGHT – X AXIS – ‘ECONOMIC ISSUES’ LIBERTARIAN COLLECTIVIST LIBERTARIAN COLLECTIVIST: Noam Chomsky, Gandhi LIBERTARIAN CAPITALIST LIBERTARIAN CAPITALIST: Ayn Rand & Objectivism Planned/regulated markets High or absolute taxation Limits on prop. Ownership Collectivization Free and open markets Free/open trade Limited or no taxation Private Property What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies “What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies?”

AUTHORITARIAN/TOTALITARIAN IDEOLOGY LIBERTARIAN IDEOLOGY belief that individual freedom should be maximized …the “ belief that individual freedom should be maximized ” beliefthatauthority shouldbe obeyed …the “ belief that authority should be obeyed ” TOTAL AUTHORITY SOCIETYCONTROL ALL ASPECTS PUBLICPRIVATE LIFE 1.) The State holds TOTAL AUTHORITY over SOCIETY; seeks to CONTROL ALL ASPECTS of PUBLIC/PRIVATE LIFE INDIVIDUAL LIBERTYPOLITICAL FREEDOM VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION 1.) An emphasis is placed on INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY, POLITICAL FREEDOM and VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies “What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies?” TOP/BOTTOM – Y AXIS – ‘SOCIAL ISSUES’

AUTHORITARIAN/TOTALITARIAN IDEOLOGY LIBERTARIAN IDEOLOGY No (or very small) standing army Un-regulated behavior, social issues Freedom of association Free speech and media Compulsory military service Regulated ind. behavior, social issues Censorship (speech/media/press) Subordination of personal interests What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies “What are SOCIETAL characteristics of both ideologies?” TOP/BOTTOM – Y AXIS – ‘SOCIAL ISSUES’ the policeto protect men from criminals the armed servicesto protect men from foreign invaders the law courtsto settle disputes among men according to objectively defined laws “…the police, to protect men from criminals – the armed services, to protect men from foreign invaders – the law courts, to settle disputes among men according to objectively defined laws…” Ayn Rand

Complete ECONOMIC and SOCIAL FREEDOM for individuals. Complete ECONOMIC and SOCIAL REGULATION by the state. Complete ECONOMIC regulation by individuals, complete SOCIAL FREEDOM for individuals. Complete ECONOMIC FREEDOM for individuals, complete SOCIAL REGULATION by the state. CLOSENESS TO AN AXIS INDICATES MODERATE IDEOLOGY

“Where are MOST of the world’s governments on the POLITICAL SPECTRUM?”

AMERICAN POLITICS REMEMBER, this shows the WHOLE spectrum of political thought. NOT JUST THE NATIONAL AVERAGE! “Where are MOST AMERICAN POLITICIANS on the POLITICAL SPECTRUM?” – WHY?

“What’s the difference?!”