Word Play Beth Rossiter

Legends, Myths, Fables, & Tales Fact or Fiction? Reality or Fantasy?

STORYTELLING Storytelling is common to every culture. Most people enjoy listening to stories. Storytellers have catered to the need for a 'good story' since the beginning of civilization.

IN THE BEGINNING… Since the beginning of civilization, Storytellers have been sharing their stories.

Fascinating & Frightening Most of us have our own favorite story from childhood. These tales can be both fascinating and frightening.

Stories include legends, myths, and tales.

What are Legends A legend is a semi- true story, which has been passed on from person-to- person and has important meaning or symbolism for the culture in which it originates.

Rip Van Winkle A legend usually includes an element of truth, or is based on historic facts, but with 'mythical qualities'. A simple easy-going man, Rip Van Winkle had one weak point, he did not like to work…

What are Myths A myth is a story based on tradition or legend, which has a deep symbolic meaning.

Convey truth A myth 'conveys a truth' to those who tell it and hear it, rather than necessarily recording a true event. Although some myths can be accounts of actual events, they have become transformed by symbolic meaning or shifted in time or place.

Myths are often used to explain universal and local beginnings and involve supernatural beings. The great power of the meaning of these stories, to the culture in which they developed, is a major reason why they survive as long as they do - sometimes for thousands of years.

What are Folk Tales A folktale is a popular story that was passed on in spoken form, from one generation to the next.

Usually the author is unknown and there are often many versions of the tale. Folktales comprise fables, fairy tales, old legends and even 'urban legends'. Again, some tales may have been based on a partial truth that has been lost or hidden over time.

Tall Tales It is difficult to categorize folktales precisely because they fit into many categories. Folk tales are often referred to as Tall Tales.

What is the difference between legends, myths, & folktales? Myths, legends and folktales are hard to classify and often overlap.

Imagine a line (or continuum) as illustrated below, with an historical account based on facts at one end and myths or cultural folktales at the other; as you progress towards the mythical/folktale end of the line, what an event symbolizes to people, or what they feel about it, becomes of greater historical significance than the facts, which become less important.

It is the message that is important. By the time you reach the far end of the spectrum, the story has taken on a life of its own and the facts of the original event, if there ever was one, have become almost irrelevant.

Why are the stories told. As well as making fascinating reading, these stories also tell us a great deal about how people in the past saw, and understood, the world around them.

Reasons There are many reasons why stories are told and passed down the generations. Here are just a few of them: To strengthen a community and provide a common understanding. Stories often reflect the beliefs of the people who tell them. The popularity of any story depends on whether those listening approve of the values underlying it.

Comfirm By telling and listening to stories, people confirm their ideas about the world around them. Things that people found scary, infuriating, or desirable all found their way into the stories and they were passed on. People wanted to be assured that other people around them were thinking along the same lines.

Moral Guidance As a way of providing moral guidance and showing people how they should conduct themselves, including the consequences of not doing so. Myths and legends, like any good stories, often include a moral. Within the myth, the hurt or embarrassment experienced by people is often due to their own stupidity, greed, dishonesty or negligence.

Or To explain how the world works, for example why the seasons change, and to explain strange happenings or phenomena such as eclipses - the reasons for which were unknown in early times. For entertainment purposes. Stories were told to amuse and enthrall an audience in the days before TV and other forms of mass entertainment.

Fame For fame, money or recognition - as in all areas of life, not all stories were told for good reasons. To pass on history and knowledge, such as the outcome of battles and tales of courage, in ages when many people could not read or write. Many myths have an element of truth that has been built upon and embellished over the years.

For example, Stories of bravery in battle could enhance the status of an individual or a group or, in later centuries, a good ghost story could be sold for money. The truth was not always the most important consideration.

Regardless of why they were told, many of the stories still remain popular today and, although we no longer swap stories around the fireside, the tradition of storytelling still continues in the form of urban legends. Many older stories also live on in current day carnivals or festivals, which have their roots in a very different past.

Features of Myths & Legends A re-telling The orientation is typically timeless e.g. ‘Long, long ago’ ‘Before animals walked the earth’ A single animal is representative of all animals of that kind Natural forces like wind and fire are represented by gods or god- like form The resolution of myths and legends explain why things are the way we are A classic opening and\or closing (e.g. Once upon a time…., And they all lived happily after)

Good & Evil Stereotypes e.g. Animals e.g. wolves are bad; rescuers are male The representative of certain values, wealth= happiness, beauty = happiness The involvement of supernatural forces, e.g. fairy godmothers, creatures that can talk Tales are based around themes like trickery and foolishness

Summarizing ‘But still to this day…’ ‘So every time you see…’ These comments sum up how things came to be.

What makes a hero? A hero is someone who is distinguished for his or her courage or ability. They are admired for brave deeds and noble qualities. They may have performed heroic acts. They may also be someone who is a model or an idea.

Activity Create a T-List of all the heroes you can think of. (real & fictional) Think about someone in your life you might consider a hero. Write a paragraph explaining why your consider her/him to be a hero.

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