The lasting impacts of sound Radio is next mass medium after print Like print, emphasizes certain ideas of community, particularly national community – “Synchronicity”

Radio Balance shifted back to speech Voice = emotionality Issues of linguistic identity – minority dialects? Go Cougs!

Performance and repertoire Wider reception of music National music heritage and “foreign” music Live performance Music and drama Live show recordings

Aural environments Like TV, technology must fit within daily life Radio ownership limited in early exposure Public listening Radio = a prestigious valuable

Think about your radio experiences over your lifetime Where did you listen What kind of radio equipment Collective? Individual? What changes over time – What you listen to – How you listen to it – Where you listen to it

Radio and sound technology TV may be more influential But aural production/recepti on not replaced by audiovisual technologies

Space and politics Immediacy Separating sound from who and what produces it – Less constrained by space Ham radio CB

Technology and input = simpler than TV Radio can be apart from state sponsorship or support Radio voices can enter spaces where actual people can’t – Voice of America

Portable sound… Telephony/music /talk – influence on sense of self and space Aural/visual dimensions of handhelds in less literate settings