Presentation Outline SIMD Background SIMD 2009 Methodology SIMD 2009 Results Where to find more information Questions

What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived in Scotland

Where has the SIMD come from? 2000: England and Wales Indices of Deprivation Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford 2001: Measures of Deprivation for Northern Ireland Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford 2003: Scottish Indices of Deprivation 2003 Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford –Ward level, domains covering income, employment, health, education and access to services. ‘Measuring Deprivation in Scotland : Developing a Long-Term Strategy’ Scottish Centre for Research on Social Justice (SCRSJ)

Datazones Statistical geography Fixed boundaries over time Criteria –Population size –Existing boundaries –Social Homogeneity –Compactness of shape 6,505 datazones in Scotland Average population of 750 people

SIMD 2004 Work done in house (with some SDRC help) Datazone geography 6 aspects of deprivation (domains) –Income –Employment –Health –Education –Access –Housing Data from 2001 and 2002

SIMD 2006 Evaluation of Statistical Techniques in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (2005 Dr Alex McConnachie, Dr Chris Weir, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow) 7 domains –New crime domain added Public transport times included in access domain as sub-domain 37 indicators Data (mostly) from 2004 and 2005 Published October 2006

SIMD 2009 Published on 29 th October domains –Income –Employment –Health –Education –Access –Crime –Housing 38 indicators Data (mostly) from 2007 and 2008

Employment Deprivation Domain Based on benefits data (2008) –Unemployment Claimant Count 12 month average –Incapacity Benefit recipients Working age –Severe Disablement Allowance Working age –Compulsory New Deal Participants No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 Datazone SAPE –Working age population

Income Deprivation Domain Not measuring income Based on benefits data (2008 and 2007) –Income support adults and children –Guarantee Pension Credit adults –Job Seekers Allowance adults and children 2004 used WFTC and DTC data 2009 – WTC and CTC (2006 data) Datazone SAPE –Total population

Housing Deprivation Domain Census data –No change since SIMD 2004 –Persons in households which are overcrowded –Persons in households without central heating Census populations –Total population No new indicators identified

Crime Domain Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’ –Crimes of violence –Drug Offences –Domestic Housebreaking –Minor Assault –Vandalism Does not include crimes in/near police station First included in 2006 Total populations – rate per 10,000 Move to financial year for SIMD 2009

Health Deprivation Domain Indicators used: –Standardised Mortality Ratio* –Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use* –Hospital Episodes related to drug use* –Comparative Illness Factor* –Emergency Admissions to Hospital* –Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis –Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight *Age – Sex Standardisation Methodological changes since 2004 –Removal of Shrinkage Minor changes for 2009 Normalised and combined using factor analysis

Education Deprivation Domain Indicators –School pupil absences –Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4 –Working age people with no qualifications –17-21 year olds enrolling into HE –People ages not in full time education, employment or training NEET indicator change for 2009 Populations relevant to indicator Combined using factor analysis

Access to Services Domain Drive Times –GP –Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004) –Petrol Station –Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004) –Post Office Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004) –GP –Shopping Facilities –Post Office Population weighted based on COAs Factor analysis within sub-domains Methodology and modelling changes (2/3:1/3 weights)

Creating the index Exponential Transformation Weights based on: –Academic research –Data quality

Domains and Weightings Domainsweight % of overall weightDomainsweight % of overall weightweight % of overall weight Current Income629Current Income Employment629Employment Health314Health6146 Education, Skills and training314 Education, Skills and training6146 Geographic Access and Telecommu nications2 10Geographic Access: 4949 ~ Drive times ~ Public transport times Housing Crime2525

Creating the index Exponential Transformation Weights based on: –Academic research –Data quality Sensitivity analysis Use ranks for analysis

Points to watch Data from 2007 and 2008 means the recent economic downturn not picked up but it is unlikely to have a large effect on the relative differences across Scotland. Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time eg crime domain, tax credit data. There will always be a 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in. The Index is relative ie shows an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more deprived. Use Income and Employment domains and the indicators. The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation eg in the income domain there is a lack of benefit claimants

Points to watch Not all people who are deprived live in deprived areas. AND not all living in deprived areas are deprived. 36% of income deprived people live in the 15% most deprived areas 64% live out with 15% most deprived. No datazones in the 15% most deprived does not mean no deprivation, just no concentrations of multiple deprivation Index does work in rural areas just fewer concentrations of multiple deprivation and more mixed populations.

SIMD 2009 Summary Results

Headline findings

Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly

Datazones in the 15% most deprived overall

Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly 4 in 5 datazones that moved out between SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006 stayed out in SIMD in 5 datazones in 15% most deprived in SIMD 2009 have been in on both SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006

Most deprived datazone S East end of Glasgow. Ranked 62 in SIMD 2006 DZ ranked 1 in SIMD 2006 now ranked 2

SIMD 2009 National Share

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 Local Share

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the 15% most deprived in Scotland

So, is Glasgow worse than Edinburgh? –Relatively speaking, using this measure Glasgow is more deprived than Edinburgh

Datazone movement

Datazone movement by vigintile

Datazones moving out of 15% MD

Datazones moving into 15% MD

SIMD 2009 Domains

Employment domain 12% of the working age population are employment deprived. Of these, 33% live in the 15% most employment deprived datazones. In Glasgow City 18% of the working age population are experiencing employment deprivation. Aberdeenshire has the smallest percentage of its working age population employment deprived at 6%.

Employment domain

Income Domain The largest concentration of income deprivation is in Glasgow with 31% of the 15% most deprived datazones, this was a fall from 34% in The next largest shares are in North Lanarkshire (8%) and Fife (6%). These were both small increases on Between the 2006 SIMD and the 2009 SIMD 123 datazones moved into the 15% most deprived and 123 moved out. Of the datazones that have moved in 74 (60%) have seen an increase in the proportion of the population that are income deprived.

Income domain

Education Domain 10% of the datazones in Scotland have fallen in the 15% most education deprived on all three updates of the SIMD. 36% of the datazones in Glasgow and 19% of the datazones in Dundee City have appeared in the 15% most education deprived on the three updates to the SIMD. The datazones moving into the 15% most deprived on the education domain have all seen a worsening in performance on at least one of the three indicators that are comparable with SIMD 2006.

Crime Domain Glasgow City Local Authority has the largest local share of datazones in the 15% most deprived in the crime domain at 18%. Edinburgh has 10%, North Lanarkshire 8%, Fife 7%, and Aberdeen 6%. Strathclyde Police Force Area has the largest national share of the 15% most deprived datazones in relation to crime at 49.4%. Dumfries & Galloway Police Force Area have the smallest national share at 2.2%.

SIMD 2009 outputs

Where to find more.. General report with initial analysis Technical report Guidance leaflet Interactive mapping website Statistical Compendium –tables, charts & maps Background data for SIMD More to come…

Interactive mapping website

Interactive mapping

ANY QUESTIONS? Contacts: Matt Perkins Tel: Niamh Laffan Tel: Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD) Tel: