Students -Pull out Learning logs -We will do 2 questions then I will check -80% = 15 -Trouble in Paradise paper – due tomorrow -Phones in bin…muted or off…please & thank you

Essential Questions LO 1.14 The student is able to pose scientific questions that correctly identify essential properties of shared, core life processes that provide insights into the history of life on Earth. LO 1.15 The student is able to describe specific examples of conserved core biological processes and features shared by all domains or within one domain of life, and how these shared, conserved core processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms. LO 1.16 The student is able to justify the scientific claim that organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today. LO 1.27 The student is able to describe a scientific hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.28 The student is able to evaluate scientific questions based on hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.29 The student is able to describe the reasons for revisions of scientific hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.30 The student is able to evaluate scientific hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth.

More Essential Questions LO 1.31 The student is able to evaluate the accuracy and legitimacy of data to answer scientific questions about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.32 The student is able to justify the selection of geological, physical, and chemical data that reveal early Earth conditions.

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity 1.What do you know about the origins of life on Earth? -Earth is 4.6 billion yrs old (byo) -Oldest rocks – 3.8 byo – Greenland -Oldest fossils – 3.5 byo 2.How was primitive Earth different than current Earth? -Little O 2, much H 2 O, CH 4, CO, CO 2, N 2 -Lightning -Volcanic activity -UV radiation -Meteorite bombardment 3.How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?” -1920’s Oparin & Haldane postulated early Earth favored rxns that formed organic cmpds from inorganic cmpds Miller-Urey experiment test Oparin & Haldane’s hypothesis

Students -Trouble in Paradise paper – in box -LL pictures sent? – get LL stamped -Tomorrow – early release -1 st period still 50 minutes -Others are shortened Phone in bin…muted or off…please & thank you

Figure 26.2 Can organic molecules form in a reducing atmosphere? Repeated experiments have formed - All 20 amino acids - several sugars - lipids - purines & pyrimidines - ATP (when phosphate is added) - ALL MONOMERS needed for life

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity 1.What do you know about the origins of life on Earth? 2.How was primitive Earth different than current Earth? 3.How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?” -1920’s Oparin & Haldane postulated early Earth favored rxns that formed organic cmpds from inorganic cmpds Miller-Urey experiment test Oparin& Haldane’s hypothesis 4.How were monomers connected to make polymers? -Sydney Fox dripped monomers on hot sand, clay or rocks -Created proteinoids – polypeptides created by abiotic means 5.What’s next? -Protobionts – abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane -Primitive cells -Coacervate – stable protobiont droplet that self-assembles when a suspension of macromolecules is shaken -Imprecise reproduction -Simple metabolism & excitability (similar to neurons) 6.How does natural selection fit in? - Protobionts best suited to their environment could reproduce & create others best suited to their environment

Figure 26.4 Laboratory versions of protobionts 20  m (a) Simple reproduction. This lipo- some is “giving birth” to smaller liposomes (LM). (b) Simple metabolism. If enzymes—in this case, phosphorylase and amylase—are included in the solution from which the droplets self-assemble, some liposomes can carry out simple metabolic reactions and export the products. Glucose-phosphate Phosphorylase Starch Amylase Maltose Phosphate Primitive glycolysis – common to all organisms

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity 1.What do you know about the origins of life on Earth? 2.How was primitive Earth different than current Earth? 3.How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?” 4.How were monomers connected to make polymers? 5.What’s next? -Protobionts – abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane -Primitive cells -Imprecise reproduction -Simple metabolism & excitability (similar to neurons) 6.How does natural selection fit in? -Protobionts best suited to their environment could reproduce & create others best suited to their environment 7.What was the first genetic material? -RNA – single stranded -Ribozymes – can replicate RNA

Figure 26.5 A ribozyme capable of replicating RNA Ribozyme (RNA molecule) Template Nucleotides Complementary RNA copy Collections of RNA molecules best suited for their environment replicate their RNA & reproduce - mRNA, rRNA, tRNA all interact with each other now during translation

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity 1.What do you know about the origins of life on Earth? 2.How was primitive Earth different than current Earth? 3.How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?” 4.How were monomers connected to make polymers? 5.What’s next? 6.How does natural selection fit in? 7.What was the first genetic material? 8. What is the origin of photosynthesis? -Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae) -H 2 S metabolizing bacteria mutated to use……. -H2O-H2O -Released O 2 reacted with dissolved iron -Formed iron oxide precipitate

Figure Banded iron formations: evidence of oxygenic photosynthesis

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity 1.What do you know about the origins of life on Earth? 2.How was primitive Earth different than current Earth? 3.How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?” 4.How were monomers connected to make polymers? 5.What’s next? 6.How does natural selection fit in? 7.What was the first genetic material? 8. What is the origin of photosynthesis? -Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae) -H 2 S metabolizing bacteria mutated to use……. -H2O-H2O -Released O 2 reacted with dissolved iron -Formed iron oxide precipitate 9. How did eukaryotes originate? - Endosymbiosis

Figure Endosymbiosis Serial endosymbiosis gave rise to proposed phylogenetic tree (a) Aerobic prokaryote(b) Photosynthetic prokaryote 0.2  m 1  m Respiratory membrane Thylakoid membranes

Figure 28.3 Diversity of plastids produced by secondary endosymbiosis Cyanobacterium Heterotrophic eukaryote Primary endosymbiosis Red algae Green algae Secondary endosymbiosis Secondary endosymbiosis Plastid Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Stramenopiles Euglenids Chlorarachniophytes Plastid Alveolates Plastid – plant organelle

Students -Get handout – Verbs & FRQ Dos & Don’ts -BLAST due on Monday -Today: In-class FRQ -Tomorrow: Grading FRQ -Monday: Review – content, math, LLs -Tuesday: FRQ test – LL due -Wednesday: MC & math test

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity 1.What do you know about the origins of life on Earth? 2.How was primitive Earth different than current Earth? 3.How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?” 4.How were monomers connected to make polymers? 5.What’s next? 6.How does natural selection fit in? 7.What was the first genetic material? 8. What is the origin of photosynthesis? 9.How did eukaryotes originate? 10.What is the evidence for endosymbiosis? -Similarities between bacteria and mitochondria & chloroplasts -Size -Reproduction by binary fission -Small, circular genomes -DNA sequence -Enzymes & transport systems -tRNA & ribosomes for transcription & translation -Current endosymbiotic relationships 11. Natural selection over millions of years -led to a diversity of the 1 st prokaryotes -Diversity of organisms led to classification

Figure One current view of biological diversity Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Cyanobacteria Gram-positive bacteria Korarchaeotes Euryarchaeotes, crenarchaeotes, nanoarchaeotes Diplomonads, parabasalids Euglenozoans Alveolates (dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates) Stramenopiles (water molds, diatoms, golden algae, brown algae) Cercozoans, radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Charophyceans Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Universal ancestor Domain Bacteria Chapter 27 Chapter 28

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) Plants Fungi Animals Seedless vascular plants (ferns) Gymnosperms Angiosperms Amoebozoans (amoebas, slime molds) Chytrids Zygote fungi Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Sac fungi Club fungi Choanoflagellates Sponges Cnidarians (jellies, coral) Bilaterally symmetrical animals (annelis, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, vertebrate) Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 28Chapter 31Chapter 32Chapters 33, 34