Central Europe  Poland Very Weak government w/ little organization Very Weak government w/ little organization Elected king with limited power Elected king with limited power Will be ravaged by enemies Will be ravaged by enemies  Ottoman Empire Backwards compared to Western Europe Backwards compared to Western Europe Tried to invade Vienna, but Multinational Holy League (1683) stopped them. Never tried again Tried to invade Vienna, but Multinational Holy League (1683) stopped them. Never tried again Problems: Sultans were corrupt, armies lacked tech. & local rule made it hard to control empire Problems: Sultans were corrupt, armies lacked tech. & local rule made it hard to control empire  Austria Charles VI negotiated with his family, nobles and other European leaders the Pragmatic Sanction to allow daughter, Maria Theresa, to reign Charles VI negotiated with his family, nobles and other European leaders the Pragmatic Sanction to allow daughter, Maria Theresa, to reign

Habsburg Family Crest

Holy Roman Empire: 1750

Austrian Empire:

Schönbrunn Palace

Prussia  Hohenzollern family ruled Frederick William ‘Great Elector’ Frederick William ‘Great Elector’ Frederick I ‘First King of Prussia’ Frederick I ‘First King of Prussia’ Frederick William I ‘Soldier King’ Frederick William I ‘Soldier King’ Frederick II ‘The Great’ Frederick II ‘The Great’ Junkers Junkers  Small country with little resources & population, but powerful!!!!!!!!!!  PRUSSIA IS AN ARMY WITH A STATE!

Prussian Family Crest

Prussia & the Austrian Empire:

Frederick William…the Great Elector R Why did he rise to power? Leader of Prussia Worked with Junkers so ensure they listen to him Military Lover No real tax system Most $$$ went to military

King Frederick I of Prussia (r ) Formerly: Frederick III of Brandenburg (r ) Formerly: Frederick III of Brandenburg (r ) First king of Prussia Ostentatious

(r ) ‘Soldier King’ Establishes Absolutism Bizarre affection for soldiers Builds best Army in the world… ’Sparta of the North’ Very effective Government Participated in the Great Northern War ( ) General peace during his reign

Frederick the Great (r ) Mainly into the arts and the enlightenment Considered an enlightened despot Hated military, but a lot of wars during his reign Attacks Austria after Charles Vi dies….starts War of Austrian Succession

Charles VI (r )

Maria Theresa (r ) Maria Theresa (r )

Maria Theresa & Her Family Her Notable Children:  HRE Joseph II  HRE Leopold II  Queen Marie Antoinette (Fr.) Her Notable Children:  HRE Joseph II  HRE Leopold II  Queen Marie Antoinette (Fr.)

War of the Austrian Succession

Results of the War of Austrian Succession  UK & Austria vs. Spain, France and Prussia  Two phases of the war  At the end…. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Status Quo Status Quo Silesia is given to Prussia Silesia is given to Prussia German dualism German dualism

Russia  Very backwards, compared to Western Europe  Ivan III & IV drove out Mongols with help of streltsy  Had harsh rule for serfdom  Orthodox church opposed social and religious change

Peter the Great  Wanted to westernize Russia  Toured western Europe after becoming tsar, but returned due to streltsy and boyars were rebelling  Loved technology, science, and industry  Created schools, hospitals, the Academy of Science and first navy and modern army  Was ruthless and brutal  Created a tax system to pay for reforms  Outlawed beards and ‘typical’ Russian clothing

Peter the Great  Table of Ranks can raise social status if contribute to state  Great Northern War –defeated Swedes to control Baltic Sea  Treaty of Nystadt – gained land on the Baltic to build St. Petersburg  Reforms helped upper class mainly.  Russia became a world power, but still behind western Europe.

Europe in 1740