Northern Energy Developments Ltd Canonbie, Dumfriesshire Rodney Potts

Small Scale Hydro <1MW

Power Potential The power potential in a volume of water (Q), is determined by the following equation: P(kW) = Q x H x 9.8 x efficiency Where Q is the rate of flow in m3/s H is the height of fall or ‘head’ in m Efficiency is the overall efficiency figure for the electro-mechanical system

Turbines Many types of turbine have been developed over the years. The water wheel is the simplest and oldest form. They can be categorised into three main types: High head – above 75m of fall (eg Francis, Turgo or Pelton type) Medium head – 20m to 75m of fall (eg Francis or Crossflow) Low head – 2m to 20m of fall (eg Francis, Crossflow, Kaplan or Water Wheel)

Development – Stage 1 – initial feasibility & Scoping Stage 2 – detailed studies Stage 3 – secure consents & build

Factors Affecting Cost/Viability 1 Purpose of Project Domestic Commercial Scale Consenting conditions

Factors Affecting Cost/Viability 2 Physical characteristics Environmental constraints * Location of grid supply *

Factors Affecting Cost/Viability 3 Low Head vs High Head Low head – larger equipment environmental issues High head – pipeline construction often flashy catchments Run of River and/or Storage