CH. 5 RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION Section 4 OBJ. – Discuss the different forms of Protestantism and reforms in the Catholic Church.

I. John Calvin & Calvinism A. Christian unity was lost due to the signing of the Peace of Augsburg. Huldrych Zwingli, a priest in Zurich, Switzerland, started a new Christian group. He forbade relics and pagan images within the city. A new service that consisted of scripture Huldrych ZwingliHuldrych Zwingli reading, prayer, and sermons replaced Mass. (1484 – 1531) (1484 – 1531)

B. The Protestants in both Germany & Switzerland sought an alliance for protection from the Catholic Church. However, disagreements about the Lord’s Supper kept it from happening. In 1531 Zwingli was killed during a battle between the Catholics and Protestants in Switzerland. John Calvin assumed the leadership of the Protestant Church in Switzerland. C. John Calvin, originally from France, fled to Switzerland after converting to the Protestant faith. He believed in predestination & placed an emphasis on the “power, grace, and glory of God.

D. In 1536 he began to reform the city of Geneva, Switzerland. He created a church governing body called the Consistory – which enforced moral discipline. People could be punished for “crimes” such as gambling or dancing. E. Calvin’s success in Geneva made it the center of the Protestant world. Missionaries who trained in Geneva were sent throughout the world. By the mid 1500’s Calvinism was the largest Protestant denomination. (1509 – 1564)

II. REFORMATION IN ENGLAND A. Politics, not religion, was the reason for the Protestant Reformation in England. King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife b/c he believed she was the reason for them not having a son. The Pope would not annul his marriage so Henry VIII turned to the courts. The archbishop of Canterbury granted the divorce. Henry would marry six times. King Henry VIII King Henry VIII B. In 1534 the English Parliament established the Act of Supremacy. This act separated England’s Catholic Church from the Popes authority. It stated that the king was the supreme head of the new Church of England. The king controlled religious doctrine, clerical appointments. And discipline.

C. Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries and sold the land and possessions to the wealthy. This act provided him with more money and supporters. Despite the breakaway, Henry remained very close to the Catholic teachings. However, as time passed they moved in a more Protestant direction. (1491 – 1547)

The “6” wives of Henry VIII The “6” wives of Henry VIII Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon Anne BoleynJane Seymour Anne BoleynJane Seymour Catherine of AragonAnne BoleynJane Seymour 1509 – – Divorced BeheadedDied Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves Catherine HowardKatherine Parr Catherine HowardKatherine Parr Anne of ClevesCatherine HowardKatherine Parr Jan. – July – – 1547 Divorced BeheadedSurvived

E. In 1553 Henry’s daughter Mary ascended to the throne. She was a devout Catholic and wanted to return England to Catholicism. She persecuted the Protestants and had nearly 500 burned at the stake. Many people resented her, and by the end of her reign England was more protestant than before. She was given the name “BLOODY MARY”. (1516 – 1558) (1516 – 1558) Daughter of Daughter of Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon

QUEEN ELIZABETH I Elizabeth, the daughter of Anne Boleyn, became queen of England after “Bloody Mary” died. Elizabeth, the daughter of Anne Boleyn, became queen of England after “Bloody Mary” died. During her reign During her reign William Shakespeare, Sir Francis Drake, & Sir Walter Raleigh & Sir Walter Raleigh prospered. She was prospered. She was a Protestant and had a Protestant and had the overwhelming the overwhelming support of the support of the people. people. (1533 – 1603)

Q. & A. What is Predestination? What is Predestination? Why does John Calvin Believe in this idea? Why does John Calvin Believe in this idea? Why did Henry VIII marry so many times? Why did Henry VIII marry so many times? Why did John Calvin flee to Switzerland? Why did John Calvin flee to Switzerland? Who was William Shakespeare? Who was William Shakespeare? Who was Sir Francis Drake? Who was Sir Francis Drake?

III. The ANABAPTISTS A. During the 16 th century a radical new Protestant group developed. The “Anabaptists” rejected most of the Catholic & some of the early Protestant teachings. Because of their teachings and practices both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them. B. The Anabaptists practiced adult baptism instead of baptizing infants. To them the true Christian Church was a voluntary community of believers who experienced spiritual rebirth. No other denomination preached this belief.

Anabaptist originated in the following European countries: Anabaptist originated in the following European countries: Switzerland Switzerland Germany Germany Austria Austria Netherlands Netherlands Descending Protestant denominations include: Descending Protestant denominations include: Amish Quakers Mennonites

Other Anabaptists Beliefs Other Anabaptists Beliefs Believed all Christians were equal. Believed all Christians were equal. Any community member could be a minister b/c all Christians were considered priests. However women were often excluded. Any community member could be a minister b/c all Christians were considered priests. However women were often excluded. The complete separation of church & state. They would not hold office & did not believe the gov. had any authority over Christians. The complete separation of church & state. They would not hold office & did not believe the gov. had any authority over Christians. Did not bear arms – possess or carry weapons Did not bear arms – possess or carry weapons Did not believe Mary gave birth to Jesus. Did not believe Mary gave birth to Jesus. Believed once you were baptized you were not capable of committing a sin. Believed once you were baptized you were not capable of committing a sin.

Women’s role during the Protestant Reformation During the reformation Protestants developed a new view of the family. Protestants did not believe in celibacy and placed the family at the center of their lives. During the reformation Protestants developed a new view of the family. Protestants did not believe in celibacy and placed the family at the center of their lives. They did however continue the traditional subservience and obedience of the wife. They felt the woman’s role was to bear children and maintain the house. Protestantism did not change women’s subordinate place in society. They did however continue the traditional subservience and obedience of the wife. They felt the woman’s role was to bear children and maintain the house. Protestantism did not change women’s subordinate place in society.

IV. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION A. During the mid 16 th century the Catholic Church became concerned over the spread of Protestantism. Pope Paul III & the Church took strides in reforming the Church from within. 3 major changes included the Jesuits, Council of Trent, and reforms in the papacy.

B. The Jesuits, AKA – Society of Jesus, was founded by Ignatius of Loyola – a Spanish nobleman in their goal was to convert people back to Catholicism. They opened schools with well trained and educated members working within them. They were successful in restoring Catholicism to parts of Germany and Eastern Europe. They also spread it to other parts of the world (Asia, Africa, S. America).

Ignatius of Loyola (1491 – 1556) C. P ope Paul III appointed a reform commission in 1537 b/c he felt the papacy needed to be reformed. The commission determined the Church ill’s and proposed ideas to fix the problems D. I n 1545 a group of cardinals, archbishops, abbots and theologians met in Trent for 18 years. This group was known as the Council of Trent. The council reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings and opposed Protestant beliefs.

Decisions made by the Council of Trent Both faith & good works are needed in order to achieve salvation. Both faith & good works are needed in order to achieve salvation. The seven sacraments, view of communion (Eucharist), and clerical celibacy were upheld. The seven sacraments, view of communion (Eucharist), and clerical celibacy were upheld.seven sacramentsseven sacraments Belief of purgatory was strengthened Belief of purgatory was strengthened Maintained the use of indulgences but forbid the selling of them. Maintained the use of indulgences but forbid the selling of them. Because of the council the Roman Catholic Church had a renewed spirit of confidence. Because of the council the Roman Catholic Church had a renewed spirit of confidence.

Q. & A. What does Protestant mean? What does Protestant mean? Why did the Catholic Church start a reformation of their own? Why did the Catholic Church start a reformation of their own? What is a reformation? What is a reformation? Why did very little change for women during the Protestant Reformation? Why did very little change for women during the Protestant Reformation? Why were the Anabaptists viewed as radical and persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants? Where did they run to? Why were the Anabaptists viewed as radical and persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants? Where did they run to?

HOMEWORK ACTIVITY Finish any Questions not completed from the Q. & A. Finish any Questions not completed from the Q. & A. Create a chart & compare and contrast Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and the Church of England. Tell which one most closely resembles the Catholic faith and why. Which one least resembles the Catholic faith and why. Create a chart & compare and contrast Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and the Church of England. Tell which one most closely resembles the Catholic faith and why. Which one least resembles the Catholic faith and why.