CASE #8

PATIENT PRESENTATION

SIGNALMENT: ~4-5yr old, intact, male, DMH PRESENTING COMPLAINT: inappetant, hypersalivation, lethargy Hx: indoor/outdoor cat, has not had vaccinations in over 3 years. Cat has had a few fights with other neighborhood cats over the years, but nothing serious. PATIENT PRESENTATION

PHYSICAL EXAM: – Gingivitis, stomatitis – Wt. loss – Temp: 103.5, HR: 200, RR:36 – Mm: pale, CRT: 2sec Other clinical signs may include: – Gingivitis, stomatitis – Chronic fever – Vomiting – Diarrhea – Chronic URI – cachexia – Chronic, unresponsive skin/ear infections PATIENT PRESENTATION

CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRIES FeLV/FIV ELISA – All unvaccinated outdoor cats should be tested for these diseases as they are contagious and without cure DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

CBC – Anemia, lymphopenia ELISA positive – THIS IS AN ANTIBODY TEST, not antigen – there will be interference by maternal antibodies and vaccination! – Test result may be supported by other lab tests such as IFA, Western blot, & PCR DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS

TRANSMISSION – Most infections are acquired through horizontal transmission among adult male, sexually intact cats – Fight and bite wounds appear to be the major route of transmission. – It is possible to transmit the virus vertically to neonatal kittens, but the virus is not easily transmitted this way. TRANSMISSION

SEE FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS DENTAL SURGERY – Whole mouth extraction of teeth may be necessary in cats with chronic stomatitis and gingivitis TREATMENT

Although FIV is morphologically and biochemically similar to HIV, it poses no threat to humans Infected cats may survive for prolonged periods before experiencing advanced stages of the disease – Some may be asymptomatic for 10+ yrs Keep FIV pos cats indoors Keep FIV pos cats free of stress and concurrent disease CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS

CASE #9

PATIENT PRESENTATION

SIGNALMENT: ~6mth old neutered, male DSH PRESENTING COMPLAINT: depression, feels “hot”, looks yellow, painful abdomen, and difficulty breathing. Cat began to act strange over the last week. Poor appetite, soft stool Hx: indoor/outdoor cat, fully vaccinated, but not against FeLV and FIV, microchipped, often brings “gifts of mice” home PATIENT PRESENTATION

PHYSICAL EXAM – Temp: 104.1, HR:220, RR:40, shallow – Depression – Labored breathing – Icteric mm, CRT: difficult to assess, >2sec – Painful on abdominal palpation – OS: signs of inflammation/uveitis PATIENT PRESENTATION

CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRIES – Elevated ALT. ALP, total bilirubin – CBC WNL FeLV/FIV Test – Neg/Neg Thoracic radiographs – pneumonia Paired titers ELISA FECAL – See next slide DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

PNEUMONIA IS MOST COMMON IN NEONATALLY NEONATALLY OR TRANSPLACENTALLY INFECTED CATS

TOXOPLASMA OOCYTS THESE OOCYTS ARE DIFFICULT & RARE TO FIND

TRANSMISSION: – EATING CONTAMINATED MEAT Ingestion of uncooked or undercooked meat is most likely the main route of infection in both cats and humans. – Fecal – oral route – Transplacental route Cats are the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii, but several animal can serve as intermediate hosts TRANSMISSION & LIFE CYCLE

CATS ONLY SHED OOCYTS IN THE FECES FOR 1-2 WEEKS THE OOCYTS BECOME INFECTIVE AFTER 1-5 DAYS TACHYZOITES ARE THE RAPIDLY DIVIDING STAGE OF THIS PARASITE THAT INFECTS THE TISSUES

Clindamycin or Trimethoprim Sulfa for 2-3 weeks (may require 4 weeks treatment) Prognosis is poor for young patients with hepatic or respiratory involvement, but good for the older cat with minimal or no signs of disease TREATMENT & PROGNOSIS

TRANSMISSION & LIFE CYCLE

Exposure to Toxoplasma is common – 30%-60% of adult humans are seropositive Humans who are immunosuppressed should avoid contact with infected cats – Have someone else clean the litter box Avoid getting a new cat during pregnancy Have antibody titers checked before getting pregnant – Infection during the 1 st or 2 nd trimester can lead to birth defects Cook all meat thoroughly DON’T PANIC CLIENT INFORMATION