Examination of the knee

History-taking

H/O Injury Yes No

Presenting Complaints Pain Locking Clicking Giving way Stiffness Loss of ROM

Understanding patient’s complaints Pain Only after activity At rest Gradual-onset Acute onset

Understanding patient’s complaints Locking v/s pseudo-locking

Understanding patient’s complaints Knee gives way

Understanding patient’s complaints Stiffness

Understanding patient’s complaints Clicking

Understanding patient’s complaints Loss of ROM

Examination

Exposure

Let the patient be comfortable and relaxed

Examine the knee from the same side

Examine standing

Examine walking

Deformity

Tell-tale sign

Muscle wasting indicates long- standing problem

Effusion

Fluid-shift test

Specific Point of tenderness ??

Examination for ligaments Compare with opposite side Look for ‘one more’ ligament injury Look for PCL injury

Quadriceps contraction Resting position (tibia subluxed) tibia moves anterior Quadriceps active test

Modified Lachmann Test

Tests for meniscus tear Mc Murray's Apley’s Squat test Xxx xxx

Patello-femoral joint Alignment Medio-lateral tissue balancing Crepitus Tenderness

To conclude… IDK means “I Don’t Know” Compare with the other side Patello-femoral joint is also there

Thank you for your kind attention

Be careful with... Patients with severe disease wanting a minimal-invasive option for their fully invaded disease

Be careful with... Patients asking for arthroscopy as MRI shows …