Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Complex Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary

Hypothalamus Hypothalamus  Located in the frontal area of the brain, under the thalamus  Inhibits and releases hormones  Secrets tropic hormones to affect the anterior and posterior pituitary

As you can see, the hypothalamus is located under the thalamus.

EXTRA FACTS: The hypothalamus the size of a pea Connected to both endocrine and nervous system Vital for homeostasis

Hypothalamus is a control freak?! Involved in.. Autonomic Function Control Endocrine Function Control Homeostasis Motor Function Control Food and Water Intake Regulation Sleep-wake cycle

Pituitary Glands

Infundibulum

Pituitary Glands were once thought as “master glands” because scientist thought that it produces the main hormones that are required for humans independently. After, the scientists found out the Hypothalamus control the pituitary glands and proceed to research their relationship.

How do Anterior and Posterior Pituitary differ? Anterior Pituitary  Hormone synthesizing gland  Made up of endocrine cells  Regulates physiological process  Transports hormones through blood stream  Delivers hormones through blood Posterior Pituitary  Part of the nervous system  Made up of vascular networks and neural pathways  Constructed of neural cells  Doesn’t produce hormones  Stores and releases ADH and Oxytocin  Delivers hormones through neurons

Hypothalamus- Pituitary Complex

Hypothalamus-Anterior Pituitary Complex Neurosecretory cells produce hormones Hormones go through the Infundibulum Released into the primary plexus Transported through the portal system Released into the Secondary plexus Diffuse into the anterior pituitary Initiate hormone production

What does anterior pituitary produce? o TSH Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (Tyroid) o ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone (Adrenal Cortex) o PRL Prolactin (Mammary glands) o hGH Human Growth Hormone (Bones, tissues) o FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone (Ovaries, testes) o LS Luteinizing Hormone (Ovaries, testes)

Hypothalamus-Posterior Pituitary Complex Neurosecetory cells produce ADH and oxytocin Hormones packaged into vesicles Transported into axon Stored in axon terminal Action Potential Gradient Hormones released from axon terminal Diffuse into posterior pituitary Releases hormones

 Oxytocin (Smooth muscle in uterus and mammary glands)  Antidiuretic hormones (Kidney tubules)

How do they relate? Hypothalamus releases releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary gland transported through blood to stimulate the release of hormones. Hypothalamus produces Oxytocin and ADT and stores it in posterior pituitary gland, where it gets released into the capillary network

Let’s play musical chairs!!

Final Note  Hypothalamus is connected to pituitary glands because the hypothalamus regulates hormones which the pituitary glands produces or secrets. ”

Works Cited Bailey, Regina. Hypothalamus. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July Carter-Edwards, Trent, Susanne Gerards, Keith Gibbons, Susan McCallum, and Robert Noble. Biology 12. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Print. The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July What Is the Difference Between the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary?. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July Rowen, R A. Functional Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland. N.p., 4 Sept Web. 23 July