Introduction to Nanotechnology Module #1 Nanotechnology: What Is It, And Why Is It So “BIG” Now? Copyright 2009 The Pennsylvania State University Nanotechnology.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Looking at Cells.
Advertisements

STEM ED/CHM Nanotechnology 2007
Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Nanomanufacturing Exciting new science and technology for the 21st century.
Introduction to Cells. 2 Review- Cell Theory  All organisms are composed of one or more cells.  Cells are the smallest living units of all living organisms.
Spectroscopy is the study of interactions between light and matter. Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy can show us which materials (such as quantum dots)
Copyright © 2005 SRI International Introduction to Nanoscience What’s happening lately at a very, very small scale.
Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Gold Thin Films
Nanoscience 15 lectures + 3 tutorials
Nanotechnology is receiving a lot of attention of late across the globe. The term nano originates etymologically from the Greek, and it means.
Building a Nanotechnology Collection at the University of Washington Linda Whang Engineering Instructional Services Librarian University of Washington.
STM Scanning Tunneling Microscope What is a Nanometer? (Activity) Developed by Malory M. Peterson, Summer 2006 Nanotechnology Grant National Science Foundation.
Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Your Future
NANOTECHNOLOGY Filip Lalin,3.A.
Updated September 2011 Applications of Nanotechnology in Electronics.
INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY. Outline DNA in nature DNA and nanotechnology Extract real DNA.
Nanoscale Science and Engineering. What is Nanoscale Science and Engineering? Engineering at the nanoscale is called Nanotechnology!
Microscope Magnification
Nancy Healy NNIN Education Coordinator Georgia Institute of Technology
Nano 101: Exploring the Nanoworld Greta M. Zenner University of Wisconsin-Madison Materials Research Science and Engineering Center on Nanostructured Interfaces.
Updated September 2011 Measuring Resolution with Marshmallows Experiment.
Nano-Science Buckmisterfullerene. What is a nanoparticle? One million nanoparticles placed side by side would span 1mm. GCSE ScienceChapter 6.
Nanobiotechnology and its Applications. What is it? Click on picture.
CHAPTER 7 A TOUR OF THE CELL Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: How We Study Cells 1.Microscopes provide.
Ang Kai Yan (1) Jasmine Heng (4) Chia Zi Xuan (13) Lim Shengyang (17) Wayne Zhang (24) Done by:
materials science the hybrid science chem • physics • bio • nano
Welcome NISE Network Partners! December 11, 2014.
Introduction to Nanotechnology Module #1 Nanotechnology: What Is It, And Why Is It So “BIG” Now? Copyright 2008 Stephen J. Fonash Nanotechnology is Impacting.
What Are Your Ideas About Small Sizes?1 © 2009 McREL Physical Science Lesson 3 What Are Your Ideas About Small Sizes? Investigating Static Forces in Nature:
Powers of Ten. IBM written in Xenon Atoms Image from: 216pm or m.
1 Fundamental Scientific Issues for Nanotechnology Rational You ITRI-IEK-NEMS 2001/08/01 Source: IWGN (1999/09)
USING MATH TO SUPPORT SCIENTIFIC CLAIMS. WHY IS THE METRIC SYSTEM IMPORTANT? The metric system is a universal measurement system. It is used to perform.
Introduction to Nanotechnology Module 2 Sense of Scale.
Nanotechnology, You, and the Environment Lisa Wininger and Sara Syswerda.
Nanotechnology.
By Will Peeden. Topics to be covered  What is nanotechnology?  Storing data in atoms  Using molecules for switches  Benefits  Challenges Ahead 
Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals.
Ang Kai Yan (1) Jasmine Heng (4) Chia Zi Xuan (13) Lim Shengyang (17) Wayne Zhang (24) Done by:
Updated September 2011 DNA Extraction Experiment.
Nanotechnology The Next Big Idea?. Overview ● What is nanotechnology? ● Examples ● Requirements ● Pros and cons ● Conclusion Branched Electron Flow.
1 Cutting it down to size activity. What is Nanoscience? The study of matter on the “nanometer” scale. A nanometer is one billionth (10 –9 ) of a meter.
Updated September 2011 Medical Applications in Nanotechnology Nano Gold Sensors Lab.
Nanotechnology. Presented by Mr. Lundberg Test your knowledge of scale... What is the thickness of a dollar bill.. in nanometers? (the answer will be.
Nanotechnology meter millimeters 5.
Nano Technology and Toxicity Science Project Oregon Islamic Academy.
Nanosilver Breakthrough or Biohazard?. Silver Through the Ages ca. 750 B.C. ca. 50 A.D
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY? ?. A Question of Size.... meter millimeter micrometer nanometer Small.
NANOSCALE LITHOGRAPHY, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGY EE 4611 DEHUA LIU 4/8/2016.
P.1 Book E2 Section 3.1 Introduction to nanotechnology Colour of gold in nano scale Nano scale Check-point 1 Nano materials What is so special about nano.
Nanotechnology Introduction Use these slides for an introduction to nanotechnology.
THINKING BIG, WORKING SMALL. 2 Opportunity The world is changing, and with change comes opportunity.
What is a Nanometer? © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Science of Technology.
KYLE RETZER COSC 380 Nanotechnology. Roadmap The Nanoscale. What is it? Starting point. Nanotechnology today. How is it useful?
What is a Nanometer? What is a Nanometer? PLTW Gateway
How big is BIG? Or How small is SMALL?
Introduction to Nanoscience
Introduction to Nanoscience
The Scale of the Biological World
Cell Theory and the Microscope
Quantum corral of 48 iron atoms on copper surface
Introduction to Nanoscience
How Big is a Nanometer? IBM chip UMass Logo TI mirror array.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Supporting Material for the Biodiversity Teaching Experiment
What is a Nanometer? What is a Nanometer? PLTW Gateway
How big is BIG? Or How small is SMALL?
Introduction to Nanoscience
Nano Technology Dr. Raouf Mahmood. Nano Technology Dr. Raouf Mahmood.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant #XXXXXX. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations.
Introduction to Nanotechnology Module #6 How Do You Make Things So Small? An Introduction to Nanofabrication Nanotechnology is Impacting Everything © patton.
Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Nanotechnology Module #1 Nanotechnology: What Is It, And Why Is It So “BIG” Now? Copyright 2009 The Pennsylvania State University Nanotechnology is Impacting Everything © patton brothers illustration ( Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University Last Updated: 1/6/2011

This module is one of a series designed to be used by faculty members at post-secondary institutions in workshops, courses, and overview lectures to introduce nanotechnology and its applications. There is no particular significance to the module number system The series was funded in part by: The National Science Foundation Grant # DUE and DUE and The Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development Grant # C and C Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

The word ”nano” originally comes from the Greek word “nanos”, meaning “dwarf”. In Roman times (2000 years ago) the word had changed to “nano” but it continued to mean “dwarf”. In modern Italian, the word is still “nano” and it still means “dwarf”. Today, in scientific usage, it is not a word but it is a prefix and it means really, really, really small or, more precisely, it means 1 / 1,000,000,000 (one billionth) of something. First of all: What does the prefix “nano” mean? Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

So What Does the Word “Nanotechnology” Mean? It means technology based on man-made things that are really, really, really small or more precisely it means technology based on man-made things whose sizes are such that at least one dimension is in the range of one billionth of a meter.meter Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

How small is 1 1,000,000,000 of a meter? Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

1 meter=3.28 feet 1 / 100 meter=1 centimeter (cm) 1 / 1000 meter=1 millimeter (mm) 1 / 1,000,000 meter=1 micrometer* (µm) *also called a micron 1 / 1,000,000,000 meter=1 nanometer (nm) 1 / 1,000,000,000,000 meter=1 picometer (pm) Where does the Nanometer fit in the length scale? Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Another way of looking at how small a Nanometer is- ©2009 NanoHorizons Inc. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

How Do We See Things in These Different Size Ranges? Meter Size Range These are sizes we can see with just our eyes Millimeter Size Range These are sizes we can see with an optical microscope optical microscope Micrometer Size Range Bigger objects in this range can be seen with an optical microscope. Smaller objects may need anoptical microscope electron microscope Nanometer Size Range Bigger objects can be seen with electron microscopes. Smaller objects require field emission electron orfield emission electron atomic force microscopes MACRO-SCALENANO-SCALEMICRO-SCALE Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Let’s look at these size ranges pictorially. Let’s also get some idea of what nature makes and what man makes in these size ranges. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

The next viewgraph may be useful for remembering how small the nano-scale size range is. As this viewgraph shows, the nano-scale range covers sizes from that of viruses down to structures with a few atoms (quantum dots).virusesquantum dots Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Some Small Naturally Occurring and Man-Made Structures 1 mm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm 100 pm Transistor of 2007 Human hair tissue Bacterium cell Human cell Virus Transistors of Years ago Protein Individual atom Drug moleculeQuantum dot DNA Nano-scaleMicro-scaleMacro-scale Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University Stanford University © 2009 Created by Sean Nash

Also note from our pictorial representation of scales that the next size range that is smaller than the nano-scale is the pico-scale. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

The pico-scale is the size range of the basic “legos” used to build everything else – individual atomsatoms The Periodic Table of the Elements Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

What’s After Nanotechnology – Is there a Picotechnology? No, nothing to build at the pico-scale. The elements of the universe are fixed in number (and nicely listed in the periodic table) Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Nano-Scale Lots to build at the nano-scale. Atoms and molecules are the “legos” in the building. The creating and using of ‘things’ at the nano-scale, for the benefit of mankind, is nanotechnology. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

“Nanotechnology is the builder’s final frontier.” Richard Smalley 1996 Nobel Laurate in Chemistry, Rice University Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Nanotechnology has actually been practiced by humans for over 2000 years. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

We now know that a cup made by the Romans 1700 years ago used nanotechnology! (We just found out because we just learned how to see the nanoparticles they used). Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Paul Mulvaney, Not all That’s Gold Does Glitter, MRS Bulletin, December 2001, pp The Lycurgus Cup is made from glass containing gold and silver nanoparticles. The cup is seen in: (a) transmitted lighttransmitted light and (b) reflected lightreflected light Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

We now know that the beautiful stained-glass windows made 1600 years ago by the ancient Irish also used nanotechnology. (We just found out because we just learned how to see the nano-particles they used). Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

The south window in the transept at Canterbury Cathedral.

We now know that beautiful plates made by the Renaissance Italians 500 years ago also used nanotechnology. (We just found out because we just learned how to see the nanoparticles they used also). Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Reprinted with permission from Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 12, Pages 10058, 2003, American Institute of Physics. 16 th century Renaissance pottery Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

If nanotechnology has been practiced by humans for almost 2000 years, why is it taking off now? Why is it so “big” now? Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Because we have learned what’s going on- We can now controllably and repeatedly make things in the nano-size range. And finally we can now see what we have made. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

For example, today’s transistors are nano- scale structures. In fact, the advanced transistors in production in 2008 are 45 nm in length!transistors Today more nano-scale transistors are made in a year than there are grains of rice grown in a year—now that’s control and repeatability! We have really learned how to build at the nano-scale! We can controllably and repeatedly make things in the nano-scale range Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

We can now see what we have made! We can even routinely see atoms now! Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

The next view graph shows 48 atoms that have been dragged across a surface (itself, of course, made of atoms) and arranged into a circle (a corral). This arrangement has been given the name “Quantum Corral”. If you look closely, you can see the individual atoms of the corral, all of which are sitting on the underlying surface. If you look very closely, you also can see the atoms that make up that underlying surface. The dragging of the atoms and the imaging is done using a scanning tunneling microscope.scanning tunneling microscope Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Quantum Corral IBM Research Division M.F. Crommie, C.P. Lutz, D.M. Eigler. Confinement of electrons to quantum corrals on a metal surface. Science 262, (1993). Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

Because of the advances that have very recently been achieved in what we can make and what we can see, nanotechnology is now manufacturable. That is, nanotechnology can now produce things in huge numbers and economically--not just a few cups, windows, and plates for the very rich, as before.manufacturable Because nanotechnology is now manufacturable, it can make products that will affect every man, woman, and child on the planet…medicine, electronics, sports, etc. etc. etc.! Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

This module, produced by the Center for Nanotechnology Education and Utilization at The Pennsylvania State University, is one of a series developed to introduce nanotechnology and its applications to a broad audience. Each module, its component viewgraphs, and the companion glossary are copyrighted 2009 by The Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved. Copyright April 2009 The Pennsylvania State University