What is a method? More than three decades ago . Edward Anthony (1963) gave us a definition that has quite admirably withstood the test of time. His concept of method was the second of three hierarchical elements ، namely approach ، method ، and technique. An approach according to Anthony was a set of assumptions dealing with the nature of language learning and teaching ، Method was defined as an over all plan for systematic presentations of language based on a selected approach It followed that techniques were specific classroom activates consistent with method and therefore in harmony with an approach as well.

A principled Approach We did not need a new method !!! We need to get on with the business of unifying our approach to language teaching and of designing effective……………………………………… Aclyctic Approach. An approach to language pedagogy is not just a set of static principles. The interaction between one's approach and classroom practice is the key to dynamic teaching.

One teachers approach may differ on various issues from that of colleague or even of experts in the field ? why ? .

Twelve principles 1. Automaticity 2. Meaningful learning (content-centered approaches) 3. The Anticipation of Rewards (Long term success in language learning requires a more intrinsic motive) 4. Intrinsic motivation (Sometimes, reward-driven behavior is dependent on extrinsic.) 5. Risk taking 6. Languages Ego (Develop a new mood of thinking –defensiveness) 7. Self-confidence

Twelve Principles 8. The language- culture connection 9. The Native language Effect 10. Interlanguage 11. Communication Competence The notion of communicative competence is one of the theories that underlies the communicative approach to foreign language teaching . Involves two elements :Linguistic competence i.e (knowledge of the grammatical system of language), and contextual competence (ones knowledge of the linguistic rules to produce utterances appropriate to a given context. 12. Strategic investment

The concept of linguistic competence can be analyzed as follows: 1-The linguistic competence :grammar, vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation. 2-pragmatic competence :knowledge of language functions speech, acts and discourse strategy. 3-strategic competence :the speakers ability to solve problems by means of strategies .

4- Socio- cultural competence : ( on the way language is used) knowledge of the appropriate context for language use. (mores ,beliefs ,habits). 5-Fluency: the s`s ability to put what they want to say or to write into words with ease and correctness.