Lab Tutorial 1 Network Media (Ref. CCNA5 Introduction to Networks 4.2) 1

Connecting to the Network

Connecting to the Network (cont.)

Types of Physical Media 3 basic forms of network media : Copper cable Fiber Wireless 4

Copper Media Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable Coaxial Cable

UTP Cable

STP Cable Foil Shields Braided or Foil Shield

Coaxial Cable

Properties of UTP Cabling  Wire pairs in the cable are covered by plastic outer jacket.  4 pairs of twisted wires.  Number of twists in the wire pairs varies.

Why Twisted? Crosstalk – Interference (noise) caused by the magnetic field around the adjacent pairs of wires in the cable. Cable designers have discovered that they can limit the negative effect of crosstalk by: Cancellation Varying the number of twists per wire pair UTP cable does not use shielding to counter the effects of EMI and RFI 10

Noises Around Copper Media 11

UTP Cabling Standards

UTP Connectors

UTP Advantages Small diameter Easier to install. Support the same data speed (10 to 1000 Mbps) with lower cost. Disadvantages Susceptible to electrical noise and interference (EMI, RFI). Maximum run length is 100 meters. 14

Properties of Fiber Optic Cabling Fiber-optic cabling is now being used in four types of industry: Enterprise Networks Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and Access Networks Long-Haul Networks Submarine Networks

Fiber Media Cable Design

Types of Fiber Media

Network Fiber Connectors

Fiber versus Copper Implementation IssuesCopper MediaFibre Optic Bandwidth Supported 10 Mbps – 10 Gbps10 Mbps – 100 Gbps Distance Relatively short (1 – 100 meters) Relatively High (1 – 100,000 meters) Immunity To EMI And RFI Low High (Completely immune) Immunity To Electrical Hazards Low High (Completely immune) Media And Connector Costs LowestHighest Installation Skills Required LowestHighest Safety Precautions LowestHighest

Properties of Wireless Media Wireless does have some areas of concern including: Coverage area Interference Security

IEEE standards Commonly referred to as Wi-Fi. Uses CSMA/CA Variations include: a: 54 Mbps, 5 GHz b: 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz g: 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz n: 600 Mbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz ac: 1 Gbps, 5 GHz ad: 7 Gbps, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz IEEE standard Supports speeds up to 3 Mb/s Provides device pairing over distances from 1 to 100 meters. IEEE standard Provides speeds up to 1 Gbps Uses a point-to-multipoint topology to provide wireless broadband access. Types of Wireless Media

Wireless LAN Cisco Linksys EA ac Wireless Router

Wireless LAN Requires: Wireless Access Point (AP) - Concentrates the wireless signals from users and connects, usually through a copper cable, to the existing copper-based network infrastructure such as Ethernet. Wireless NIC adapters - Provides wireless communication capability to each network host. 23

Wi-Fi Standards StandardMaximum SpeedFrequency Backwards Compatible a 54 Mbps5 GHzNo b 11 Mbps2.4 GHzNo g 54 Mbps2.4 GHz802.11b n 600 Mbps2.4 GHz or 5 GHz802.11b/g ac 1.3 Gbps (1300 Mbps) 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz802.11b/g/n ad 7 Gbps (7000 Mbps) 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz b/g/n/ac

Wireless Security Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2) Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) 25