Do Now: 1.Have a cookie. 2.Tape the objectives into your notebook. 3.Leave the notebook out to take notes.

Isotopes & Radiation

Objective Explain how isotopes of the same element are different from each other. Explain what they have in common. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of p +, but different numbers of n 0. Therefore, they also have different masses.

Isotopes of Hydrogen IsotopeSymbolp+p+ n0n0 mass Hydrogen H or 1 H101 Hydrogen-2 (deuterium) 2 1 H or 2 H112 Hydrogen-3 (tritium) 3 1 H or 3 H123 Deuterium and tritium have unstable nuclei and are radioactive.

Isotopes – you don’t need to write this You do not have to memorize which isotopes exist for each element. You do not have to memorize the % of each isotope that exists. You should be able to draw isotopes and fill in tables like the ones you have with given information and to identify isotope symbols.

Understanding Isotope Symbols IsotopeSymbolp+p+ n0n0 mass Helium He or 3 He213 Helium He or 4 He Sulfur S or 35 S Carbon C or 12 C 12 Carbon C or 13 C7 Carbon C or 14 C 6

Calculating Atomic mass Atomic mass Cl= (.7576 x 35) + (.2424 x37) = 35.5 IsotopeMass Number% Natural Abundance Chlorine % Chlorine %

Isotopes Some isotopes have unstable nuclei, which fall apart and release radiation. Some isotopes are stable, and do not release radiation.

Understanding Isotope Symbols IsotopeSymbolp+p+ n0n0 mass Helium He or 3 He213 Helium He or 4 He224 Sulfur S or 35 S Carbon C or 12 C6612 Carbon C or 13 C6713 Carbon C or 14 C6814

Forms of Radioactive Decay Alpha Beta Gamma – The release of high energy electromagnetic waves from the nucleus

Half Life The time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. The half life of Radium- 226 is 1599 years. In 1599 years half of a given amount of Radium will decay.

We Are Exposed to Radiation Daily

Radiation Detection There are ways to detect the amount of ionizing radiation – Radiation Badges – Geiger Counters Beta particles and gamma rays

OLD Orange/Red Fiestaware The red paint has uranium oxide which is radio active. Gives off beta and gamma radiation. Does not transfer to foods unless you eat the paint. (thus the napkin on the plate)

Some Useful Radioisotopes 14 C for tracking sugars through an organism as part of C 6 H 12 O 6 35 S for tracking proteins or DNA 32 P for tracking DNA 125 I for tracking proteins

A gamma ray detector scan of a normal human heart, obtained following intravenous injection of the radioisotope thallium-201, a gamma emitter. The donut-shaped pink and red area represents uptake of the radioisotope by healthy heart muscles. Radioisotope scanning

Positron emission tomography (PET). A patient is injected with a solution of a radiolabeled compound that quickly moves to the brain. Radioactive nuclei within the compound emit positrons. PET images of the human brain showing areas active in obsessive- compulsive behavior. The red and yellow areas are the active areas, as indicated by blood flow detected by the radioactive tracer.

Nuclear Fission

Draw atoms of these isotopes: 12 C and 14 6 C