WorldAustraliaUSAGermanyFrance Electricity & heat (42.1%)198.8 (51.5%) (41.1%)334.4 (44.3%)46.3 (13.9%) Manufacturing (25.3%)78.7 (20.4%)778.4 (15.3%)136.3 (18.0%)74.8 (22.4%) Road transport (16.9%)75.7 (19.6%) (27.8%)142.1 (18.8%)117.8 (35.3%) Other transport (5.7%)14.1 (3.7%)254.3 (5.0%)5.0 (0.7%)5.2 (1.6%) Residential (5.7%)8.4 (2.2%)301.6 (5.9%)92.8 (12.3%)50.8 (15.2%) Other (4.3%)10.6 (2.7%)240.3 (4.7%)44.5 (5.9%)39.0 (11.7%) TOTAL Table 1: Breakdown of industrial CO2 emissions by sector (2012 data). 1 Includes construction and mining.

Fig.1: The top two lines show projections for primary energy (PE) in the absence of any mitigation policies (black line) and with stringent mitigation policies applied (red line), referred to as REFERENCE and LEVEL-1 scenarios. The PE reduction is achieved through improvements in end-use efficiency. The segments below show the breakdown of PE sources in the LEVEL-1 scenario. For each carbon-free component, part of the growth is due to “spontaneous” changes that occur in the absence of policies (see Pielke et al., 2008), and part is policy driven. The remaining PE comes from fossil fuels, but a large fraction of the fossil-derived CO2 emissions is assumed to be captured using carbon-capture and storage methods (CCS).

YEAR REF Lev redn08%20%29%38%47%48%50%53% Table 2: Fossil-fuel derived PE, MiniCAM reference and level-1 scenarios, plus percentage reductions.