Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam 13

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea, Japan, Vietnam Flash Cards: Heian Japan Samurai

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea, Japan, Vietnam Flash Cards Shinto Silla dynasty

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea, Japan, Vietnam Flash Cards Samurai Shogun

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Key Centers of East Asia 1000 C.E.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japan: The Imperial Age Taika, Nara, and Heian dynasties –(7 th to 9 th centuries) –Heavily influenced by China –Ancestory:  NE Asian nomads, &  Korean migrants (rice, horses, iron) –By 500 ce  small states & aristocratic clans

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Imperial and Warlord Periods

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Shift to Heian (Kyoto) Taika reforms, ~500s –Copied Chinese style of rule –Central bureaucracy in place –Opposed by aristocracy  had equal-field system Moved capital to Heian (Kyoto), ~800 –Abandoned Taika reforms –Aristocracy restored to power

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Heian era (~ ) Kept strong central government Fujiwara family –Dominated government –Cooperated with Buddhists  Elite cult

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ultra-civilized: Heian Court Life Education: –Emphasis on Chinese languages & classics Court culture prominent –Codes of behavior –Aesthetic enjoyment  Poetry  Women and men took part

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ultra-civilized: Heian Court Life Education of aristocratic women  many literary contributions  Lady Murasaki, The Tale of Genji Reflects Heian court life

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Decline of Heian Era, ~1200s Equal-field system declined –more land owned by aristocrats Taira & Minamoto clans owned most –Shogun, military governor –ruled in place of emperor

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Medieval Japan Decline into Japan’s feudal ages Decentralized government Embassies to China stop Samurai emerge

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Rise of Warrior Elite Rise of regional lords (bushi) Rise of feudalism in Japan –fortressed bases –semi-independent  samurai, professional warriors  served provincial lords (shogun)

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Rise of Warrior Elite Warrior class emerged –Martial arts esteemed –Special code (Bushido)  Family honor  Death rather than defeat Seppuku or hari-kiri –Peasants lose status, freedom  Salvationist Buddhism rises

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Age of the Warlords –civil war among shogun  300 states ruled by warlords (daimyo)

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Solace for a Troubled Age Zen Buddhism –Important among elite –Point of contact with China

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea: Between China and Japan Separate –greatly influenced by China Ancestors from Siberia, Manchuria –Koguryo people –Resisted Chinese dominance

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Beginning of Interaction Sinification of Korea –increased after Han –Buddhism an important vehicle

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korean Peninsula

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Sinification of Korean Elite Silla capital, Kumsong –copied Tang cities Buddhism favored Silla, Koryo dynasties ( ) –peak of Chinese influence –but political independence

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Civilization for the Few Aristocracy most influenced by Chinese culture –All others served them

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Koryo Collapse Revolts –Caused by labor, tax burdens –Weakened Silla, Koryo governments 1231, Mongol invasion –Followed by turmoil 1392, Yi dynasty founded –Lasted until 1910

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Vietnam

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Southeast Asia: Vietnam Chinese push south –to Red River valley Viets –Retained distinctiveness Qin –Raid into Vietnam, 220s B.C.E. –Commerce increased –Viets conquered Red River lords

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Southeast Asia: Vietnam Merged with Mon-Khmer, Tai Culture distinct from China –Women generally have higher status

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Conquest and Sinification Han –Expanded  Vietnam became a tributary –111 B.C.E., had direct control  Chinese culture introduced

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Vietnam before Han Conquest

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Roots of Resistance Resistance from aristocracy, peasants –Women participated 39 C.E., Revolt of Trung sisters

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Independence and Continuing Chinese Influence Distance from China helped resistance Independence by 939 –until 19 th century Le Dynasty ( ) –Used Chinese-style bureaucracy

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Drive to the South Indianized Khmer, Chams –were defeated –Viets expanded into Mekong delta region

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Expansion and Division Hanoi –Far from frontiers –Cultural divisions developed  intermarriage with Chams, Khmers Nguyen dynasty –Capital at Hue, by late 1500s –Challenged Trinh in North –Rivalry until 18 th century

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert East Asia Review

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: The East Asian Corner Emergence of three distinct civilizations: Japan, Korea, Vietnam –Maintained unique cultures –Lands good for agriculture  especially wet rice –Sinification in each, with variations  Buddhism important in this process

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: The East Asian Corner Korea – direct influence; vassal state Japan – influence; no direct control Vietnam – long struggle with China