Slide 1 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “…to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which there is life, I have given every green herb for food…” Genesis 1:30

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Slide 3 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

8-1 Energy and Life Slide 4 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Slide 5 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Sources of energy -Photosynthesis: The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food -Autotrophs: An organism that makes its own food. -Heterotroph: An organism that cannot make its own food.

Slide 6 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Slide 7 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells The two stages of photosynthesis During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.

Slide 8 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Chemical Energy and ATP

Slide 9 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Stage 1: Capturing the sun’s energy -Pigments: color chemicals that absorb light -Chlorophyl main pigment in Chloroplasts

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Slide 11 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Stage 2: Using Energy to make food -Water -Carbon Dioxide -Stomata- small openings on the underside of leaves.

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Slide 13 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells

Slide 14 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells The photosynthesis equation. -6 Carbon Dioxide + 6Water +(energy)= a Sugar + 6Oxygen

Slide 15 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Observing Stomata Materials Leaf Nail Polish Tape Microscope Slide Microscope Procedure 1.Paint a small section of the underside of a leaf with nail polish. 2. After it dries place a piece of tape over the area, pull and place specimen on slide. 3. Observe under the microscope and sketch what you see. 4. Clean Up

Slide 16 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells

Slide 17 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells -

Slide 18 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells What is Respiration? - Respiration: is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose. Storing and releasing energy -During photosynthesis, plants save the energy as sugar and carbohydrates. -like savings account…

Slide 19 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Breathing and respiration 1. Breathing 2. Cellular respiration

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Slide 21 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Two stages of Respiration Stage 1: -In cytoplasm. -molecules of glucose breaks down into smaller molecules. -No oxygen involved. -Small amount of energy results.

Slide 22 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Two stages of Respiration Stage 2: -In Mitochondria. -Small molecules broken down to even smaller molecules. -Those chemical reactions require oxygen. -Produce lots of energy.

Slide 23 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Respiration Equation

Slide 24 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration

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Slide 26 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Fermentation -Provides energy for cells without using oxygen -Alcoholic fermentation: yeast, alcohol is a product, and carbon dioxide.

Slide 27 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Fermentation -Lactic acid fermentation: Human body, no oxygen.

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Slide 41 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cancer -Cancer is a disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably, -More than 100 types of cancer. -Cancer is often named by the place it’s first found. -Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in US

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Slide 45 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall How cancer begins -Damage in a portion of DNA in a chromosome. -Mutation: change in DNA -Cancer begins when mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle. -Tumor: a mass of abnormal cells that grows uncontrollably

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Slide 47 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall How Cancer spreads -Cells become more abnormal as they divide. -Cancerous cells may break off and enter blood stream, thus spreading

Slide 48 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall -Treating and preventing cancer -Three common ways: Surgery, Radiation, and Drugs -Surgery is usually best treatment if detected tumor before spreading -Radiation is used if cancer spread or can’t be removed, -Chemotherapy: use of drugs to treat disease, via blood stream

Slide 49 of Energy and Life Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall -Preventing cancer. -Avoid smoking, eat healthy, and protect skin from bright sunlight

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