 A group of belief systems, norms and values practiced by a people  Recognized in 1 of 2 ways 1. People call themselves a culture 2. Others can label a certain group of people as a culture

 Nonmaterial culture: beliefs, practices, aesthetics, norms and values of a group of ppl  Material culture: what a group of ppl make (artifacts reflect nonmaterial culture)

 Different from habit & custom  Habit= repetitive act performed by individual  Custom= repetitive act performed by group so it becomes a characteristic  Collection of customs= CULTURE

1. Culture trait (single attribute) 2. Combine traits in unique combo  culture complex (material & nonmaterial) 3. Interconnected culture complexes  culture system 4. Represented by a culture region 5. Add in environment  geographic region

 Areas where civilizations first began  Radiated the customs, innovations, and ideologies that transformed the world  China, Pakistan, Egypt, Iraq  Greece  Mexico, Peru

 Small scale  Isolated, homogeneous population  Typically rural  Separated by geography or lack of communication  Cohesive in cultural traits  Work to preserve those traits in order to claim uniqueness

 Large (global) scale  Connected, heterogeneous population  Typically urban  Globalization  Experiences quickly changing cultural traits  Practiced by people across identities and across the world

 Folk varies place to place at one time  Popular varies from time to time in one place

 Studies relationship b/w the natural environment & culture  Cultural landscape- modification of natural landscape by human activities  Reveals clues about cultural practices & priorities (past & present)

CULTURAL DIFFUSION  Transculturation- equal diffusion of two cultures (Buddhism & Confucianism)  Syncretism- Fusing old and new cultures (Santeria)

CULTURAL APPROPRIATION  The process by which cultures adopt customs & knowledge and use them for their own benefit  Of major concern for local cultures: aspects of cultural knowledge may be privatized and used for wealth  Martial Arts, Cross necklaces on non-Christians, camps selling Native American paraphernalia  Commodification- turning regular goods into a commodity to sell

NEOLOCALISM  Shortridge: Seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the modern world  Little Sweden (Kansas)

RETERRITORIALIZATION  Popular culture may take on new forms when it encounters a new locality and the ppl and local culture in that place. when it encounters a new locality and the ppl and local culture in that place.  Producing an aspect of pop culture but mixing with local culture  Indonesian Hip Hop  Increased with mass media