Anatomy & Physiology Basic structure: cells, tissues, organs Body planes, directions, & cavities Integumentary system.

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Presentation transcript:

Anatomy & Physiology Basic structure: cells, tissues, organs Body planes, directions, & cavities Integumentary system

Basic Structure of the Human Body Cells Tissues Organs Organ System ORGANISM

Animal structure has a hierarchy A.CELLULAR LEVEL: Muscle cell B. TISSUE LEVEL: Muscle tissue C.ORGAN LEVEL: Heart D.ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL: Circulatory system E. ORGANISM LEVEL: Many organ systems functioning together

The Cell Cell membrane Cytoplasm Organelles –Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin –Ribosomes (free; bound) –Centrosome Centrioles –Mitochondria –Golgi apparatus –Endoplasmic reticulum –Lysosomes –Vesicles Pinocytosis Phagocytosis »See next slide

Cell Reproduction 2 types of cells in our body: Regular body cells (somatic cells) chromosomes Sex cell (gametes) chromosomes Mitosis = process of cell reproduction for body cells Get identical cells; thus same as cloning & asexual reproduction Meiosis = process of cell reproduction for sex cells Do not get identical cells; thus get variation

Mitosis Key: first chromosomes replicate & become chromatids –DNA –Chromatin –Chromosomes Then : (PMAT) –Prophase –Metaphase –Anaphase –Telophase

Meiosis, Fertilization, Stem Cells

Tissues Tissue =when cells work together for a common purpose 4 types 1.Epithelial --- lines body surfaces 2.Connective ---connects & supports things 3.Muscle ---- moves & protects 4.Nerve control & communicate

Systems of the Body 11 organ systems 1.Integumentary 2.Skeletal 3.Muscular 4.Nervous 5.Circulatory 6.Lymphatic 7.Respiratory 8.Digestive 9.Urinary 10.Endocrine 11.Reproductive

The integumentary system : –Covers and protects the body –Regulates body temp –Makes vitamin D The skeletal system: –Supports and protects the body –Moves the body –Makes blood cells Hair Cartilage Skin Nails Bones

The muscular system: –Produces movement –Enables body posture –Produces body heat Skeletal muscles

The endocrine and nervous systems: –control, regulate, and coordinate body functions ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Thymus gland Pineal gland NERVOUS SYSTEM Sense organ Spinal cord Nerves Brain Adrenal gland Pancreas Testis (male) Ovary (female)

The circulatory system: –transports the food and oxygen The lymphatic (immune) system –Protects the body –Carries tissue fluid & wastes to blood CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Heart Blood vessels LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS Bone marrow Thymus Spleen Lymph nodes Lymph vessels

The digestive system : –Digests & absorbs food –Eliminates wastes The respiratory system –Exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Esophagus Liver Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lung Mouth RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The urinary system: – Disposes of certain wastes –Keeps body in fluid & chemical balance Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Kidney

The reproductive system: – perpetuates the species Figure 20.9G G.REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS FEMALE Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina MALE Penis Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Vas deferens Testis Urethra

Body planes, directions, & cavities Body Planes: sagittal, coronal (frontal), & transverse

Body Directions proximal/distal lateral /medial cephalic/ caudal superior/ inferior superficial/ deep anterior/ posterior ventral/ dorsal

Body Cavities

Figure 1-8 Areas of the abdomen Quadrants Regions

Integumentary System Anatomy –3 layers Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer –Hypodermis  Physiology -Protection -Excretion of waste -Synthesis of Vitamin D -Sensation -Body temperature regulation

Figure 7-1 Cutaneous membrane

Figure 7-4 Glands Sebaceous glands (oil) Sudoriferous glands Eccrine Apocrine