ORGANIZING THE PERIODIC TABLE Ch. 5.1

TrueFalseStatementTrueFalse Mendeleev made the periodic table from a deck of cards Periodic elements mass increase by columns Properties of elements are the same by rows Lavoisier arranged the periodic table by metals, nonmetals, gases and earths Mendeleev’s periodic predictions were true

Search for Order  1750  Only 17 elements  1789  Lavoisier grouped into Metals, nonmetals, gases and earths  No good method yet found

Mendeleev's Periodic Table  1860’s  63 elements  Deck of cards arrangement for students  Periodic Table- arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row  Arranged elements into rows of increasing mass  Elements with similar properties were in the same column

Mendeleev  Used properties of elements near blanks to predict properties of undiscovered elements  Close match between his predictions and actual new elements showed how correct his table was PredictionsEvidence

THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE Ch. 5.2

TrueFalseStatementTrueFalse Periods are rows, arranged by increasing energy levels Groups are columns, and have similar electron configurations Metalloids have properties unlike metals and nonmetals Elements are more metallic left to right Transition metals are a combination of metals found in nature

The Periodic Law  Elements are arranged by INCREASING atomic #(# of ______)

Periodic Law  Rows  # of elements per period varies due to orbitals  Columns  Same group= similar properties  Electron Configuration PeriodsGroups

Classes of Elements  State at room temperature  Solid, liquid or gas  Occurring Naturally or not  1-92 natural  93+ not natural  General properties  Metal, nonmetal, metalloid

Metals  Good conductors of electricity  Solid, except Hg  Malleable  Ductile- made into thin wire  Transition metals  Form compounds with distinctive colors

Nonmetals  Poor conductors of electricity  Gas at room temp  If not, very brittle  F most reactive  Group 18 least reactive

Metalloids  Mixture of properties  Metals, and nonmetals  Varies with temperature

Variation Across Periods

REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS Ch. 5.3

TrueFalseStatementTrueFalse Elements in groups have a different # of valance electrons Alkali Metals are group 1, and include hydrogen The nitrogen group is often used for fertilizer Halogens have 6 valance electrons The reactivity of metals increases from top to bottom

Valance Electrons  Lewis Dot Structure  Electron located in the highest energy level  Increase left to right  Elements in groups have similar properties due to same # of valance electrons

Groups/Families:  8 Total- going down columns

Alkali Metals  Group 1A  1 Valance Electron  VERY Reactive  Reactivity increases from top to bottom  Found in nature  Only as compounds

Alkaline Earth Metals  Group 2A  2 Valance Electrons  Reactivity  How they react with water

Boron Family  Group 3A  3 Valance Electrons  Al- most abundant metal on Earth

Carbon Family  Group 4A  4 Valance Electrons  Contains  nonmetal- C  2 metaloids – Si, Ge  2 metals – Sn, Pb  Except for H 2 O, most compounds in the body contain C

Nitrogen Family  Group 5A  5 Valance Electrons  Contains  2 nonmetals – N, P  2 metaloids – As, Sb  1 metal – Bi

Oxygen Family  Group 6A  6 Valance Electrons  Contains  3 nonmetals – O, S, Se  2 metaloids – Te, Po  O is most abundant element in Earths crust

Halogens  Group 7A  7 Valance Electrons  Physical properties- different  Chemical Properties- similar  Highly reactive nonmetals  Fl is most reactive  React easily with metals

Noble Gases  Group 8A  8 Valance Electrons, except He(2)  Odorless, extremely un-reactive

Transition Metals  able to put more than eight electrons in the shell that is one in from the outermost shell  Sc has a configuration of  able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell  Au has an organization of

Transition Metals  Rare Earth or inner transition  Found naturally in Earth  Reactive, ionic  Radioactive  Metals tarnish when met with air LanthanideActinide

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